Word class influences the duration of silent pauses, which are shorter before nouns and longer before conjunctions. Children with SLI produce longer silent pauses, possibly because of their language processing difficulties.
Due to their linguistic impairment, children with SLI had longer silent pauses in their narratives. Story complexity influenced the average time of silent pauses in the narratives of children with typical language development, but this difference did not occur in the narratives of children with SLI.
Purpose: The study aim was to determine whether the mean duration of silent pauses depends on the word class (open or closed) and to compare the duration for each type of word between children with typical language development and children with specific language impairment (SLI). Methods: The study included 40 children with typical language development and 20 children with SLI, aged between 7 and 10 years.Each subject produced 15 story narratives based on a separate sequence of four pictures for each narrative. After the transcription of the samples, the words were classified as open class (noun, adjective, verb, adverb, and numeral) or closed class (article, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, and interjection). In the second phase of the study, the samples were analyzed using software specific to the analysis of silent pauses and the duration (milliseconds) of the pauses that occurred immediately before each of these grammatical categories was recorded. Results: In both groups, silent pauses were longer when preceding closed class words and individuals in the SLI group produced longer silent pauses than their peers did. Conclusion: The duration of a silent pause varied according to the grammatical class of the preceded word and it was shorter when followed by an open class word. In addition, the fact that individuals with SLI produce longer silent pauses than their peers confirms that their language processing is slower.Keywords: Child language; Language development disorders; Narration; Speech, language and hearing sciences; Language development RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se o tempo médio das pausas silentes difere para a classe das palavras (aberta ou fechada) e se há diferença entre esse tempo para crianças em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem e crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem (DEL), em cada tipo de palavra. Métodos
Purpose: this study investigated and compared the performance of school-aged children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their peers typically developing language in alliteration and rhyme tests. The study also aimed to evaluate the influence of semantic and phonological distractors on both tests. Methods: twelve school-aged children with SLI (study group -SG) and 48 peers typically developing language (control group -CG) aged 7 to 9 years. All of them were on 2 nd or 3 rd grade and presented hearing thresholds within normal limits and appropriate nonverbal intellectual performance. The experimental assessment consisted in alliteration and rhyme tests with semantic and/or phonological distractors. Results: intragroup analysis showed that both groups presented lower performance in rhyme than alliteration activities (CG p<.001; SG p=.011). Intergroup analyses revealed that the SG had a poorer performance in both tasks in comparison to the CG (alliteration p=.001; rhyme p=.009). The error analysis pointed out that in alliteration, the SG opted more frequently for semantic (p=.004) and other distractors (p<.001) than the CG, whereas in rhyme tests, they opted more frequently for phonological (p=.048) and other distractors (p=.031). Conclusion: the SG presented difficulty in alliteration and rhyme tasks, indicating poorer performance than their peers without language impairment. School-aged children with SLI attested that they analyze phonological awareness stimuli in a more general way, leading them to overlook relevant segmental aspects. These data reinforce the need for early intervention of these abilities in this population. RESUMOObjetivo: investigar e comparar o desempenho de escolares com distúrbio específico de linguagem (DEL) e em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem em atividades de identificação de aliteração e rima e verificar, em ambas as tarefas, a influência dos distratores semânticos e fonológicos. Método: participaram do estudo 12 escolares previamente diagnosticados com DEL (GP) e 48 escolares em desenvolvimento típico (GC) com idade entre 7 anos e 9 anos e 11 meses. Todos cursavam o 2º ou 3º ano do ensino fundamental I e apresentavam audição e inteligência não verbal preservadas. Como medidas experimentais, foram utilizados testes padronizados de identificação de aliteração e rima, com presença de distratores semânticos e/ou fonológicos. Resultados: a análise intragrupo demonstrou que ambos os grupos apresentaram desempenho inferior em rima do que em aliteração (GC p<0,001; GP p=0,011). A análise intergrupos indicou que o desempenho do GP foi inferior ao do GC em ambas as tarefas (aliteração p=0,001; rima p=0,009). A análise dos erros indicou que na aliteração, em comparação ao GC, os escolares do GP utilizaram mais distratores semânticos (p=0,004) e outros (p<0,001), enquanto na rima utilizaram mais distratores fonológicos (p=0,048) e outros (p=0,031). Conclusão: o GP apresentou dificuldade em tarefas de aliteração e rima, demonstrando estar aquém dos seus pares sem alteração de l...
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