SUMMARYTuberculous brain abscesses in AIDS patients are considered rare with only eight cases reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 34-year-old woman with AIDS and previous toxoplasmic encephalitis who was admitted due to headache and seizures. A brain computed tomography scan disclosed a frontal hypodense lesion with a contrast ring enhancement. Brain abscess was suspected and she underwent a lesion puncture through a trepanation. The material extracted was purulent and the acid-fast smear was markedly positive. Timely medical and surgical approaches allowed a good outcome. Tuberculous abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal brain lesions in AIDS patients. Surgical excision or stereotactic aspiration, and antituberculous treatment are the mainstay in the management of these uncommon lesions.

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SUMMARYBacteremia due to non-typhi Salmonella is more frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, focal complications have been rarely described. We report a case of liver abscess due to Salmonella enteritidis in an HIVinfected patient who recently returned to Sao Paulo, Brazil, from a trip in the Caribbean. A good clinical and radiological response was seen with both percutaneous catheter drainage and antibiotic treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first culture proven case of non-typhi Salmonella liver abscess in an HIV-infected patient in Brazil.

-The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemics increased the prevalence, multi-drug resistance and disseminated forms of tuberculosis. The central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis has high mortality and morbidity, and it is usually divided into diffuse (meningitis) and localized (tuberculoma and abscess) forms. We report three cases of cerebral tuberculomas in AIDS patients: one with definitive diagnosis, confirmed with histopathology, and two with probable diagnosis, based on clinical information, radiological images, Mycobaterium tuberculosis isolation out of the CNS and adequate response to antituberculous treatment. Further, we discuss diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic issues of tuberculomas, with emphasis in the distinction from cerebral tuberculous abscesses. Despite of their infrequent presentation, tuberculomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebral expansive lesions in patients with AIDS.KEY WORDS: tuberculoma, tuberculosis, central nervous system, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Tuberculomas cerebrais em pacientes com aids: um diagnóstico esquecido?RESUMO -A epidemia da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) aumentou a prevalência, multiresistência e formas disseminadas da tuberculose. O acometimento neurológico da tuberculose apresenta elevada morbidade e mortalidade, classificando-se em formas difusas (meningite) e localizadas (tuberculoma e abscesso). Relatamos três casos de tuberculomas cerebrais em pacientes com AIDS: um deles com diagnóstico definitivo, confirmado com histopatologia e dois com diagnóstico provável, baseado em informação clínica, radiológica, isolamento de Mycobaterium tuberculosis fora do sistema nervoso central e adequada resposta ao tratamento tuberculostático. Discutimos também aspectos diagnósticos, terapêu-ticos e prognósticos dos tuberculomas, enfatizando suas diferenças com os abscesos tuberculosos cerebrais. Apesar de serem relatados de forma infreqüente, os tuberculomas devem sempre ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões expansivas cerebrais em pacientes com AIDS. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tuberculoma, tuberculose, sistema nervoso central, sindrome da imunodeficiência adquirida.Tuberculosis (TB) has become more frequent since the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemics. Nowadays, there are important challenges, which complicate the management of HIV-TB co-infected patients. Among them, it is emphasized the increase of disseminated and extra-pulmonary TB forms, the multi-drug resistance and the increase in mortality 1 . The central nervous system (CNS) TB is found in 5-10% of patients with pulmonary TB 2 . These cases correspond to either latent infection reactivations or disseminated infections. Tuberculous meningitis is the most common clinical form and it is five times more frequent in patients with HIV infection than in patients without it 3 . The focal forms of CNS tuberculosis are infrequently described and they are divided into tuberculoma and abscess 4 . We desc...