The ability of microalgae to grow in nutrient-rich environments and to accumulate nutrients from wastewaters (WW) makes them attractive for the sustainable and low-cost treatment of WW. The valuable biomass produced can be further used for the generation of bioenergy, animal feed, fertilizers, and biopolymers, among others. In this study, Scenedesmus obliquus was able to remove nutrients from different wastewaters (poultry, swine and cattle breeding, brewery and dairy industries, and urban) with removal ranges of 95-100% for nitrogen, 63-99% for phosphorus and 48-70% for chemical oxygen demand. The biomass productivity using wastewaters was higher (except for poultry) than in synthetic medium (Bristol), the highest value being obtained in brewery wastewater (1025 mg/(L.day) of freeze-dried biomass). The produced biomass contained 31-53% of proteins, 12-36% of sugars and 8-23% of lipids, regardless of the type of wastewater. The potential of the produced Scenedesmus obliquus biomass for the generation of BioH through batch dark fermentation processes with Enterobacter aerogenes was evaluated. The obtained yields ranged, in mL H/g Volatile Solids (VS), from 50.1 for biomass from anaerobically digested cattle WW to 390 for swine WW, whereas the yield with biomass cultivated in Bristol medium was 57.6 mL H/g.

Knowing the influence of land use/land cover changes on the hydrological behavior of a subwatershed is essential to land use planning. The Alto Paraguaçu Watershed is a major producer of fruits and vegetables, and currently the largest producer of English potato in the north/northeast of Brazil. The water availability in the region can be considered the limiting factor to the expansion of agricultural frontiers. Therefore, in order to assess the influence of land use/land cover on the quality and quantity of the water resources in the subwatershed, three sampling campaigns were carried out (two in the rainy season and one in the dry season) at ten points throughout the watershed, as well as the hydrological analysis and land use/land cover changes assessment for both seasons. The objective was to relate land use/land cover indicators with hydrological indicators in order to fit a model to predict water changes in the studied subwatershed. The results showed that the changes that occurred in land use/land cover for the development of the current agriculture have significantly impacted the hydrological behavior in the Alto Paraguaçu watershed. It was possible to observe that the quality and quantity of water were directly influenced by the anthropization process. This study highlights the importance of suitable land use/land cover for the conservation of water resources.

Microalgal biofilm in soils represents an alternative fertilization method for agricultural sustainability. In the present study, greenhouse gas emission, soil ammonia volatilization, and the growth of Pennisetum glaucum were evaluated under the effect of a microalgal biofilm, commercial urea, and a control (without application of a nitrogen source). CH emissions were equal for the three treatments (p>0.05). CO emissions significantly increased in microalgal biofilm treatment (p<0.01), which was also responsible for the highest NO emissions (p<0.01). The ammonia (NNH) volatilization losses were 4.63%, 18.98%, and 0.82% for the microalgal biofilm, urea, and control treatments, respectively. The main differences in soil characteristics were an increase in nitrogen and an increase in cation exchange capacity (p<0.01) caused by the algal biomass application to the soil. The soil organic matter content significantly differed (p<0.05) among the three treatments, with the microalgal biofilm treatment having the greatest increase in soil organic matter. Significant differences were observed for shoot dry matter mass and nitrogen content in the plants from both treatments where nitrogen sources were applied. All treatments differed from each other in leaf dry matter mass, with the urea treatment increasing the most. Chlorella vulgaris was the dominant microalgal specie in the soil.

a b s t r a c tGreywater reuse is one of the main alternatives for reducing potable water consumption in households, industries and commercial buildings. Airport complexes need large amounts of water to maintain their operation routine, and replacing potable water with greywater may represent significant savings of financial and environmental resources. The objectives of this study were to discuss aspects related to greywater reuse in airports of different regions, as well as to present a case study of an airport in Brazil. Greywater treatment and reuse are quite common worldwide, although not many airports have already implemented such practice. Even though several sophisticated technologies have been widely used in some airports, treating source-separated effluent requires simple techniques and facilitates reuse. The case study evaluated a system consisting of an anaerobic filter followed by ultraviolet disinfection. The results were satisfactory according to less strict reuse standards and an economic analysis showed that in five years the cost of the investment will be returned. Due to its simple operation, the system is mostly indicated for small and mid-size airports, or for decentralized treatment in large airports. Greywater reuse must increasingly become part of a set of integrated actions toward the rational use of water, since this type of effluent represents an alternative source for non-potable uses, with extensive applicability in airports.

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-With the objective of promoting nature conservation, this study proposes an environmental zoning for a protected area that contains part of the remaining Atlantic Forest, a global hotspot that is home to several endangered species of flora and fauna. Conflicting therewith, the protected area is an important tourist attraction in the region and receives many visitors throughout the year. For the zoning preparation, the main factors and constraints of each objective (ecotourism and conservation) are established, and a multicriteria analysis is used, in addition to the MOLA (Multi-Objective Land Allocation) algorithm, to establish the most suitable areas for each use. Extreme protection areas are defined through the intersection of endemic vegetation and soils and altitudes above 1,500 m. Thus, a fraction of 18% is obtained for extreme protection, 59% for conservation, and 23% for areas destined for ecotourism development. The results demonstrate the advantages of using these methods, due to their simplicity, which can support administrators in planning the protected area. The zoning is in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommendation because the conservation area corresponds to approximately 77% of the park area, reinforcing the suitability and applicability of the methodology that is used for the zoning of a protected area.Keywords: GIS; Preservation area; Zoning. DEFINIÇÃO DE ZONAS PRIORITÁRIAS PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO E ECOTURISMO EM UMA ÁREA PROTEGIDARESUMO -Neste trabalho foi proposto um zoneamento para uma área protegida, que tem como missão a conservação da natureza e contém parte da Mata Atlântica residual, um hotspot mundial, que abriga diversas espécies da fauna e flora ameaçadas de extinção. Conflitando-se a esse uso, a área protegida é um importante atrativo turístico da região e recebe muitos visitantes ao longo do ano. Para a elaboração do zoneamento, foram estabelecidos os principais fatores e restrições de cada objetivo (ecoturismo e conservação) e utilizouse de uma análise multicritério e do algoritmo MOLA (Multi-Objective Land Allocation) para estabelecer as áreas mais adequadas a cada uso. Foram estipuladas áreas de proteção extrema, através de uma interseção entre solos e vegetação endêmicas e altitudes superiores a 1500 m. Assim, obteve-se uma fração de 18% para as áreas destinadas a proteção extrema, 59% para a conservação e 23% para as destinadas ao desenvolvimento do ecoturismo. Os resultados explicitaram as vantagens da utilização desses métodos dada a sua simplicidade, podendo auxiliar os gestores no planejamento da área protegida. O zoneamento obtido está de acordo com a recomendação da IUCN, visto que a área de conservação correspondeu à aproximadamente 77% da área do parque, reforçando a adequabilidade e aplicabilidade da metodologia empregada para o objetivo de zoneamento de área protegidas.Palavras-chave: SIG; Área de preservação; Zoneamento.

Airport complexes are great water consumers where the adoption of reuse practices adapted to their particular characteristics may represent significant savings of financial and environmental resources. Greywater reuse is an important alternative for reducing potable water consumption in airports. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of greywater produced in airport environments and the reuse potential of such effluent. This study was developed in a mid-size airport in Brazil, where a qualitative assessment of greywater produced by different activities was performed. The results were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Greywater production in the administrative buildings was estimated by the application of questionnaires and interviewing employees, and compared to the nonpotable demand in these buildings. The results showed that the quality of the greywater produced in the airport is similar to that produced in residences and can be easily treated for reuse purposes. In quantitative terms, greywater reuse can meet the non-potable demand and provide great savings of water and financial resources, in addition to priceless environmental benefits.

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