Social networks of 310 chronically mentally ill patients in Chicago-area State mental hospitals were examined to assess the relationship between the number of hospitalizations and network size and composition. As the number and length of admissions increases, although network size remains stable, there are fewer relatives and friends in the network. The networks of patients with frequent admissions are composed primarily of people met through the mental health system and those known for a short time. These differences are neither related to diagnosis nor to severity of mental illness. The results suggest that the process of hospitalization is related to patients' sources of social support. Implications for readmissions are discussed.
The perception that Tunisia’s pro-Western development and policies are inevitably linked to a shift toward a Euro-American model of the isolated nuclear family continues to dominate most contemporary research on women and the family in Tunisia. Using ethnographic data collected during a one year field study and survey ( 1986-7) and a follow-up field study (summer 1993) of migrant and non-migrant Muslim women and their families in the capital city of Tunis, the author proposes that rather than adopting Euro-American ideals of conjugal isolation and withdrawal from the extended family, women in Tunis continue to live in a world dominated by visits and daily interaction with near and extended kin.
Cross-cultural competence not only emphasizes building specific skill sets such as language proficiency or negotiation skills, but also on changing the military's attitudes to other cultures by emphasizing the value and importance of cultural skills for successful military operations. In contrast to developing cultural skills, the task of shifting cultural attitudes is a far more complex process. Using empirical data from a survey of 2,406 Marines, this paper seeks to identify some of the social, demographic and experiential factors that influence military service members' attitudes to the value of culture in military operations. The authors found that of the demographic factors tested, only education and commissioning were positively related to attitudes. The greatest predictors were experiential factors: language skills, a multicultural background, travel experience and frequency of interaction with the local population during a previous deployment. Deployment alone was not a predictor. Cultural training was not related to attitudes, although satisfaction with the cultural training was a predictor of positive attitudes.
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