No abstract

Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. The etiology and formation of NP are still not elucidated and have been debated for many years. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of nasal allergy in the development of NP. The following aspects were analyzed: age, sex, and patient's symptoms; correlation between asthma, aspirin intolerance, and NP; serum immunoglobulin levels and eosinophilia; and concentration of interleukins 1beta, 3, and 4 in NP. Thirty-nine patients with NP were selected, 13 of them allergic and 26 non-allergic. A control group of 11 individuals was also studied. The concentrations of interleukins 1beta, 3, and 4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a higher incidence of NP after the fourth decade of life and among men. We found no correlation of asthma or aspirin intolerance with the presence or absence of allergy. Serum levels of IgE and eosinophils were significantly higher in patients with allergy and NP and the concentrations of interleukins 3 and 4 were positively correlated with NP. There was no difference in interleukin 3 and 4 concentration between the non-allergic group with NP and the control group, suggesting that these interleukins do not play an important role in the etiology and formation of NP. These results suggest that the immunologic pathway involved in the etiology of NP is differentfrom the one correlated with allergy (IgE-mediated).

ResumoEste artigo investiga a participação de agentes globais no complexo imobiliário-financeiro em São Paulo, compreendidos como fundos de investimento e empresas transnacionais especializadas no setor imobiliário que adentram mercados financeiros para diversificar ativos e mitigar riscos, e também como forma de acessar localizações geográficas, criando frentes de expansão. Pretende desenvolver questões como: (1) Os agentes globais e o capital internacional estão penetrando o complexo imobiliário-financeiro em São Paulo? De que forma? (2) Como esse capital se espacializa? Ele cria novas frentes e produtos imobiliários, morfologias e tipologias? Sua ação resulta em processos de reestruturação territorial? (3) Como sua lógica espacial dialoga com os processos de remoção e relocação involuntária? Para responder tais questões, mapeou ativos imobiliários, encontrando, dentre outros, uma nova frente de expansão imobiliária junto ao Rodoanel.Palavras-chave: complexo imobiliário-financeiro; fundos de investimento imobiliário; companhias imobiliárias globais; capital internacional; expansão urbana. AbstractThis article approaches the participation of global players in the real estate-financial complex in São Paulo. Global players are defined as investment funds and transnational companies specialized in real estate that enter financial markets not only as a way to diversify assets and mitigate risks, but also to enable their action in geographical locations, creating sprawl vectors. The article intends to discuss the following questions: (1) Are global players and international capital penetrating the real estate-financial complex in São Paulo? How? (2) How is this capital spatialized? Does it create new urban sprawl vectors and real estate products, morphologies and typologies? Does its action result in territorial restructuring processes? (3) How does its spatial logic interact with involuntary dispossession and relocation processes? To answer these questions, the article mapped global players' real estate assets and found a new urban sprawl vector at the Rodoanel.