This study investigated the gustatory threshold for salt and its relationship with dietary salt intake among hypertensive (n = 54) and normotensive (n = 54) subjects. Salt intake was evaluated through 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and self-reported measures (discretionary salt, Sodium- Food Frequence Questionnaire (Na-FFQ), and 24-hour recall). Detection and recognition thresholds were higher among hypertensive subjects, as well as the total sodium intake. Detection and recognition thresholds were positively related to discretionary salt and total intake of the group as whole. Hypertensive and normotensive subjects presented positive correlations between taste sensitivity and the different measures of salt intake. To conclude, a positive correlation exists between taste threshold and salt intake and both seem to be higher among hypertensive subjects. The combined use of methods of self-report and assessment of taste thresholds can be useful in health promotion and rehabilitation programs, by screening subjects at higher risk of elevated salt intake and the critical dietary behaviors to be targeted as well to evaluate the result of targeted interventions.
The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a rapid analytical method to determine salt taste detection and recognition thresholds based on the ASTM E679 method. Reliability was evaluated according to criterion of temporal stability with a 1-week interval test-retest, with 29 participants. Thresholds were assessed by using the 3-AFC technique with 15 ascending concentrations of salt solution (1-292 mM, 1.5-fold steps) and estimated by 2 approaches: individual (geometric means) and group (graphical) thresholds. The proportion of agreement between the test and retest results was estimated using intraclass coefficient correlations. The detection and recognition thresholds calculated by the geometric mean were 2.8 and 18.6mM at session 1 and 2.3 and 14.5mM at session 2 and according to the graphical approach, 2.7 and 18.6mM at session 1 and 1.7 and 16.3mM at session 2. The proportion of agreement between test and retest for the detection and recognition thresholds was 0.430 (95% CI: 0.080-0.680) and 0.660 (95% CI: 0.400-0.830). This fast and simple method to assess salt taste detection and recognition thresholds demonstrated satisfactory evidence of reliability and it could be useful for large population studies.
Estomizado, provendo suporte inicial com o fornecimento de conhecimento ao indivíduo e cuidador, visando à capacidade para o autocuidado. Construir um instrumento de avaliação do estomizado intestinal para avaliar os cuidados implementados na manutenção e troca de equipamento. O instrumento foi construído por meio de revisão bibliográfica e validação de conteúdo por juízes, após foi realizada aplicação com levantamento de dados para verificar sua viabilidade. Foram entrevistados 11 sujeitos, com idade média de 60,8 anos. A duração da internação foi de 7,8 dias. O primeiro retorno ambulatorial foi em 5,3 dias. Antes da cirurgia, os sujeitos receberam orientação sobre o que era um estoma. Na internação, todos receberam orientações de como cuidar da pele periestoma, do estoma e sobre a limpeza e troca de bolsa. Após alta hospitalar, em relação aos cuidados, 81,8% realizaram troca do equipamento com grande dependência do cuidador, apenas 36,4% realizavam sozinhos os cuidados. As complicações no estoma e pele periestoma foram identificadas. O instrumento segundo os juízes foi constituído por itens claros, pertinentes e abrangentes, devendo ser submetido à validação de construto. Foram realizadas poucas modificações no instrumento após a coleta de dados, sendo factível a divisão do instrumento, por ser longo. Apesar do número reduzido de sujeitos, o instrumento permitiu a coleta de informações podendo subsidiar um plano de assistência precoce com o foco no processo ensino ao estomizado e cuidador, visando à independência progressiva.
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