Big Data Infrastructure at the Crossroads 3 perceptions that much data is either derivative, low quality, or gathered from sources that are inappropriate for open sharing. ▪ Ethical Challenges. The ethical dimensions of big data research remain contested, and some researchers are uncertain about best practices for ethical research conduct. Although IRB guidance is valued, some researchers expressed concerns that IRB regulations are not well adapted to new or evolving research methods. ▪ Support and Training. Researchers tend to favor informal training methods, such as internet tutorials, over formal training in big data methods. While such methods work well for solving immediate problems, they are less well suited to acquiring foundational knowledge, leaving the potential for blind spots in academic research.
In order to achieve an efficient and sustainable concrete industry, there is an urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacture. The innovative scheme described here for the linked production of cement and concrete with low carbon footprint follows a three-stage process. Firstly, a Portland-like cement composition is calcined at reduced temperature and cooled under controlled conditions so that it selfpulverises spontaneously to a powder of normal fineness without grinding. Secondly, CO2-rich gas is extracted direct from the cement kiln flue and used to activate this poorly hydraulic cement in the third stage for making precast concrete products. Considerable energy savings are anticipated, and the challenges of process enhancements and scale-up are currently being addressed. In addition to its use in precast concrete items such as blocks, roof tiles, and pipes, other potential on-site applications are foreseen for this cement where low-energy concrete or controlled setting are required.
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