Blanket-attached and nonattached children (32.5 months of age) were exposed to a novel play setting involving either the child's mother, blanket, favorite hard toy, or no object at all. Blanket-attached children with blankets present showed no distress and explored and played (a) as much as children with their mothers present, (b) more than blanket-nonattached children in situations when blankets were available, and (c) more than all children in situations where the favorite toy or no object was available. When the familiar object was subsequently removed from the playroom, children previously exposed to their mothers postponed distress behavior more than those exposed to the other objects.
The rate at which Congress passes bills during its legislative session exhibits a fixed‐interval pattern: the rate of passage is extremely low three to four months after commencement followed by a positively accelerated growth rate that continues until the time of adjournment. This scalloped configuration appears uniformly in each of the eight Congresses sampled, from 1947 to 1968, and in both sessions of each Congress.
Five 14(1/2)- to 19(1/2)-month-old infants were trained to lever press for snacks on small fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Within four to nine sessions, responding under FR 10 was established for four subjects and FR 15 for the other. Each subject's last session revealed behavioral patterns similar to animal and human FR trained subjects-a high and constant ratio rate, mixed with a zero rate following reinforcements. Deviations were mostly in the form of prolonged and variable post-reinforcement pauses. These and other irregularities were probably due to the limited deprivation conditions and improper training procedures in which the ratio (for two subjects) was ascended too early and too quickly. Extinction was instituted during the last session. The degree to which extinction performance matched that of other organisms depended upon how stable and "ratio-like" performance was during conditioning.
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