At first glance, the higher education sector may look to have embraced the challenges and pressures of moving towards a market system. However, there remain longer term issues that must be addressed if the higher education sector is to survive and ultimately prosper. This paper examines more closely the financial and legislative reforms implemented in the Russian Higher Education sector. It outlines the institutional and structural changes that have taken place in response to these changes, and the effect of the external environment on the sector. The implications for further reform and institutional change are also discussed. These issues are analysed within a framework of the New-Institutional approach to economic organisations.

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OpenBU http://open.bu.edu Global Studies BU Open Access Articles Corroding consensus-building: how self-centered public diplomacy is damaging diplomacy and what ...

The pandemic has shown a diplomatic system that is dysfunctional. No institution or groups of states was willing or able to take the lead in crafting shared actions to shared problems. The crisis coincided with pressures on diplomacy from deglobalization. This has accelerated a fragmentation of norms and increased willingness to use public diplomacy and digital communication as a point-scoring unidirectional method of self-gratification. The private, painstaking discourse of diplomacy is fading fast. The United Nations needs to urge its members to reassert the values and give new attention to how diplomacy is conducted, building on existing conventions. Meanwhile, tele-diplomacy offers a medium where diplomacy could reassert itself as the core activity that will enable collective global issues to be addressed. The paper examines how such tele-diplomacy might be established.

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