Thirty healthy gravid patients of six to 20 weeks' gestation each received a single dose of 7.5 mg of amikacin/kg within 24 hr prior to elective hysterectomy. The half-life (t1/2) of amikacin in maternal serum was 2.07 hr. The mean peak concentration of amikacin in the sera of these patients was slightly lower than that in nonpregnant adults. Two-thirds of the placental samples had amikacin concentrations of greater than or equal to 8 microng/g during the 20-hr interval between drug injection and delivery time. In fetal kidney the concentration of amikacin peaked at a level of 22.4 microng/g at 12 hr after administration. The peak concentration of amikacin in fetal urine was 24 microng/ml, and the t1/2 was 3.2 hr. High levels of the drug in fetal urine and low levels in fetal serum (less than 4 microng/ml) and amniotic fluid (less than 3 microng/ml) were unrelated to high levels found in fetal kidney. Levels of amikacin in fetal lung were 1.4-8.0 microng/g during intervals of 1-16 hr between administration of the drug and time of delivery. With the increasing number of drugs available for use, both potential benefits and risks for the fetus must be considered when prescribing an antibiotic to treat the infected gravid patient, and it should be kept in mind that low levels in body fluid may not be equated with safety.
Depuis quelques années les sciences et les techniques sont entrées dans le champ des luttes. Tout groupe menant une action à long terme se heurte tôt ou tard aux sciences et aux techniques. Dans les domaines de la santé, de l’énergie, du rapport au corps, de la psychiatrie, de l’économie internationale, des transports, on ne peut se contenter d’évidences spontanées. Ou bien les groupes s’approprient des connaissances et des techniques ou ils deviennent rapidement inefficaces dans leurs luttes.Mais comment accéder à ces connaissances, comment diffuser ces savoirs ? Dès lors se pose le problème des rapports entre les savoirs scientifiques et les savoirs populaires liés à des expériences et à une représentation propres de la réalité vécue par les milieux populaires. Aider à structurer, à révéler les savoirs populaires est une première étape de l’intervention. Confronter les savoirs avec le savoir scientifique concernant un même sujet en est une seconde. De là peut se dégager une articulation spécifique qui deviendra la base d’une mobilisation populaire efficace, par exemple dans le cadre de comités de défense, qu’il s’agisse de problèmes de pollution, de bruit, etc.Les « boutiques de science » du « réseau Galilée » sont ainsi à la fois des centres de documentation et une infrastructure de formation et d’intervention.Over the last few years, science and technology have increasingly been seen as important stakes in the struggle for change. All groups attempting long-term action have to tackle this aspect of their struggle sooner or later. Whether it be concerning health, energy, body knowledge, psychiatry, international economic relations or transportation, intuitive knowledge is not sufficient. Either the groups are able to master technical knowledge or they rapidly become ineffectual.But how can one obtain this knowledge and how can it be shared? A key to answering this question would seem to lie in understanding the relationship between scientific knowledge and popular knowledge as it is related to particular representations of people's daily life. To help to structure, to reveal the richness of popular knowledge is a first step. To compare and confront popular knowledge with scientific knowledge on the same question is a second. In this way, a specific articulation of knowledge can be a crucial support for effective action of "defense committees" concerning pollution, noise etc...The "Science Shops" of the "Galileo Network" offer documentation centers and an infrastructure for education and action.Hacen y a varios años que las ciencias y las técnicas foman parte del campo de luchas sociales. Todo grupo que organiza una acción prolongada entra en contacto, tarde o temprano, con las ciencias y las técnicas. Ya sea en los campos de la salud, de la energía, de la relación del individuo a su propio cuerpo, de la siquiatría, de la economía internacional o del transporte, no es posible contentarse con evidencias espontáneas: o bien los grupos hacen suyas las técnicas y los conocimientos, o llegan a ser rápidamente inefic...
To evaluate maternal-fetal pharmacology of cefatrizine (BL-S 640), a new oral cephalosporin, a single oral 1,000-mg dose was administered to 33 gravidas (8 to 20 weeks' gestation) at varying intervals within 46 h of an elective therapeutic abortion by hysterectomy or intra-amniotic prostaglandin F 2a induction. Mean maternal serum concentrations at 1, 2, 4, and 8 h were 3.7, 7.9, 6.5, and 1.6 μg/ml; beyond a 3-h peak, a half-life of 2.4 h was determined. Cefatrizine placental half-life was 4.4 h. None of the 11 fetuses from a prostaglandin F 2a abortion revealed cefatrizine activity; in contrast, 17 of 22 fetuses from a surgical abortion demonstrated cefatrizine concentrations in two or more samples. Fetal cefatrizine levels were less than 3 μg/g or μg/ml in kidney and urine, less than 2 μg/ml in serum and bile, and less than 2.5 μg/g in lung. After a single maternal dose, cefatrizine has a wide distribution in the fetus in the first half of gestation.
Cal i f o r n i a . The peroxidase test, although a sensitive and precise methodTo investigate the maternal-fetal transfer o f Cephamandole f o r determining the unbound b i l i r u b i n concentration i n serum from (CMD) and i t s d i s t r i b u t i o n i n the fetus, we administered a single jaundiced neonates, has been reported t o be inaccurate due t o er-1000 mg 1 .M. dose t o 35 pregnant women (14-1 trimester, 21-11 r o r s from sample d i l u t i o n as well as oxidation o f albumin-bound trimester) 25 minutes t o 17 hours p r i o r t o therapeutic abortion b i l i r u b i n . These potential errors were investigated i n serum and and s t e r i l i z a t i o n by hysterectomy. CMD concentration was assayed defatted albumin solutions. A decrease i n the peroxidase-determicrobiologically i n maternal serum, myometrium, f e t a l tissues mined apparent unbound b i l i r u b i n concentration (AUBC) w i t h i n -(placenta, brain, lung, l i v e r , kidney) and f e t a l f l u i d s creasing serum d i l u t i o n was found i n b i l irubin-enriched umbil i c a l (amniotic, CSF, u r i n e and serum). Maternal serum h a l f -l i f e was cord sera as well as sera from jaundiced infants, but was less 2.4 hours while peak serum concentration was 19 uglml a t 1 hour marked i n bilirubin-enriched defatted albumin solutions. The d iand 1.5 uglml a t 8 hours. Mean Fetal serum CMD concentrations l u t i o n a l decrease i n AUBC d i d n o t appear t o be due t o slow oxidawere 25% o f maternal serum a t 1 hour, 30% a t 2 hours, 44% a t 4 t i o n o f albumin-bound b i l i r u b i n . Instead, the b i l irubin-a1 bumin hours and equal a t 9.5 hours. There was no detectable CMD complex was found t o have a much low r d i sociation r a t e constant (<0.8 u g h 1 o r gm) l e v e l i n f e t a l : b r a i n (19 samples) and CSF i n serum (K-1 + SO = 3.3 t 0.2 x l O -~~e c -f )~t h a n i n defatted a l -(21 samples), l i v e r (28 samples), lung (16 samples), u r i n e ( 6 bumin solution? (K-l + SD = 1.7 + 0.6 x 10-sec-1 ) , causing the samples), amniotic f l u i d (29 samples). Of 10 f e t a l kidneys, dissociation o f the complex t o be r a t e -l i m i t i n g when serum i s anonly 2-11 trimester (13 and 19 weeks' G.A.) had detectable alyzed a t the c u r r e n t l y infections. SERUM FREE TOCOPHEROL LEVELS I N PREMATURE INFANTS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE (PI) RECEIVING TOTAL PARENTERAL ALIMENTATION (TPN a l l y d e f i c i e n t i n Vitamin E (V-E) l e d t o the recommendation o fCleveland, Ohio. supplementing V-E during the f i r s t 2 mos. f o r PI less than 15009.AHH activity was measured in cultured AFC obtained from paHowever, exact V-E requirements f o r PI have not been documented.tients undergoing amniocentesis for advanced maternal age. Enzyme The t a b l e shows the predicted l e v e l (mgldl) o f V-E on PI ( n = 10) activity in cell homogenates was measured spectrofluorimetrically who were receiving TPN only without l i p i d source. The TPN conby the conversion of 3,4-benzpyrene to...
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