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A mixed-methods study demonstrates that freshman minority students who enter with a greater belief that science can be used to help their communities identified as scientists more strongly over time and had higher interest in science careers, but this effect was noted only among first-generation college students.

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A route to (-)-peeudo and (-)-allo isomers of yohimban is described. This asymmetric synthetic approach to indole alkaloids is based on the stereocontrolled alkylation of -amino carbanions mediated by chiral formamidines. The stereochemically pure enantiomer of the alkylated /3-carboline 7 is utilized to bias the subsequent intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of the JV-dienamide 8 or the homologous JV-acrylamide 12 derived from the alkylated carboline 11. In this fashion, suitable choice of diene and dienophile partners led to the pseudoand alloyohimban isomers lb and lc, respectively.

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