Drawing on the classic model of balanced affect proposed by Bradburn (1969), this study conceptualised poor work-related psychological health in terms of high levels of negative affect in the absence of acceptable levels of positive affect. In order to illuminate selfperceptions of work-related psychological health among a well-defined group of clergy, a random sample of 58 ministers of word and sacrament serving within the west midlands
The relationship between recalled self-esteem as a child and current levels of professional burnout among Anglican clergy in England
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ABSTRACTThis study links and tests three strands of theory concerned with explaining individual differences in levels of professional burnout in general and among religious professionals in particular. These three strands concern the significance of current self-esteem, recalled selfesteem as a child, and personality. Data were provided by a sample of 1,278 male stipendiary parochial clergy working in the Church of England who completed the modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (specially designed for use among clergy), and the short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (designed to measure the personality dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism), together with a semantic differential index of recalled self-esteem as a child. The bivariate correlation coefficients demonstrated significant associations between more positive self-esteem as a child and lower levels of professional burnout (higher personal accomplishment, lower emotional exhaustion and lower depersonalisation). The bivariate correlation coefficients also demonstrated significant associations between personality and professional burnout. Multiple regression analyses, however, demonstrated that the association between recalled self-esteem as a child and professional burnout largely disappeared after controlling for the personality variables. The conclusion is drawn that knowledge about the personality profile of clergy functions as a more secure predictor of susceptibility to professional burnout than knowledge about recalled self-esteem as a child.
This article examines the roots of today's Church of England primary schools and some of the major legislation that continues to shape the state-funded dual system of church and county schools in England and Wales. Pressures on church schools and the long-standing controversy surrounding the dual system are discussed, as is the Church of England's response through its current plan of action. Key research into changes in teacher attitudes to the distinctiveness of church schools arrived at the striking and unpredicted conclusion that teachers working in church schools in 1996 were more positive in their attitude to the distinctiveness of church schools than teachers working in such schools in 1982. This is convincingly explained by linking the changes in attitude to the launch of the denominational inspection system, and its associated training, brought about by the introduction of the Education (Schools) Act 1992. The article draws on evidence from the denominational inspection system on the distinctiveness and effectiveness of church schools. Recent denominational inspectors' reports are analysed to discover the quality of education provided by 58 small rural church primary schools in England. Conclusions about the education provided in these schools and ways forward for small rural primary church schools are offered. Possibilities for future research are given.
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