No abstract

This article presents findings from an exploratory in-depth qualitative research project with seventeen child welfare professionals exploring their permanency decisions with regards to Looked after Children. Thinking aloud-protocols and semi-structured interviews, in conjunction with a specifically constructed vignette were used to explore the permanency decisions of child welfare workers. Findings from this innovative research suggest that different decisions were taken by participants based on viewing the same vignette. However, even though the decisions differed, they clustered around the more interventionist options with most favouring adoption and foster care despite viable alternatives offered. There was broad consistency related to the rationale for the decisions taken, but this did not translate into a consistent permanency option being chosen. Possible reasons to account for this are that the decisions were heuristically constructed, idiosyncratic to individual inclinations and influenced by factors other than the individual needs of the service user. The implications of this are that children and families do not get a consistent and reliable response to their permanency needs. We therefore recommend the greater use of structured decision-making tools in permanency decisions to increase their objectivity and consistency.

ContextAdoption can provide a lifetime of benefits for children. Some adoptions however, experience severe challenges resulting in disruption with children leaving home prematurely. MethodThis qualitative study in Northern Ireland used interviews with parents from thirteen families whose adoptions had disrupted, to explore their perspective on the experience. FindingsKey findings focused on issues relating to firstly, the adopted child; secondly, adoption services; and finally, the parents and other family members. The impact of early adverse experiences on the children (developmental trauma) played out through behaviours, often violent, that their parents found extremely challenging. These increased as the children aged and had serious effects on family life. The adoptive parents thought they could have been better prepared through the adoption process to face challenging behaviours and more appropriately supported to prevent disruption. When their adopted child was admitted to state care, the parents typically felt initial relief but also guilt and loss. After the child had left home, they generally wished for more involvement with him or her despite the difficulties experienced. DiscussionThis study confirmed previous findings about the extent of trauma experienced by some adoptive children, and the challenges that this may present to the adoptive parents. It highlighted how the manifestation of the trauma experienced by the child may lead to adoptive parents themselves experiencing primary or secondary trauma or compassion fatigue (defined in the Discussion section below) or a combination of all three. The preparation of adoptive parents should include greater awareness of possible challenges, and how to cope with these. The development of traumainformed approaches to practice and service delivery is required to support families with adopted children more effectively. Co-production models for service development may assist in addressing the types of issues identified in post-adoption support services.

Caring for a child that has Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has implications for parents' social and emotional health and well-being. The following article presents the findings from a review of the literature to help elucidate some of the issues that these parents experience.The article begins by arguing that early intervention is the key to supporting parents that care for children with ASD but that with the current reduction of services to this population of parents, that early intervention is not always possible. The article continues by highlighting some of the emotional and social consequences parents encounter as outlined in the literature. These consequences include heightened levels of stress and anxietyparticularly in mothers -compromised parental mental and emotional health and well-being, depression, isolation, guilt and loneliness. The article offers some recommendations for practice to help mitigate these negative consequences. The article hopes to demonstrate that a systemic, family-centred, trans-disciplinary approach is crucial to alleviating parental stress and that the social work practitioner is ideally positioned to encourage the protective factors which could potentially enhance family resilience. This article will further argue that the impact of caring for a child(ren) with ASD is a family issue, and that specialist training, with regards to children with ASD and the stresses experienced by their parents, should be available to all social work professionals. Finally, in an effort to help policy makers and legislators as well as researchers and practitioners better respond to parental needs, recommendations are made for further research.

No abstract