15 dogs presented to a sterilisation clinic in March 2017 for ovariohysterectomy or castration surgeries. All patients were initially injected with an anaesthetic combination of Telazol (tiletamine/zolazepam), ketamine and xylazine (TKX) intramuscularly, followed by venous catheterisation and a number of follow-up intravenous boluses of TKX when appropriate to maintain a surgical anaesthesia. 6 dogs required redosing of the TKX drug combination. Data of monitoring anaesthesia via heart rate, respiratory rate, jaw tone, limb and muscle movement were collected. These data were used to determine timing for additional intravenous half doses of TKX for the maintenance of anaesthesia. All surgeries were successful without complications, and the anaesthetic protocol was effective at maintaining surgical anaesthesia. This case report describes a group of patients in which TKX was used as the anaesthetic protocol, with details on this previously unreported protocol such that others may be able to consider using TKX in future dog sterilisation clinics.
An approximately four-year-old male intact feral domestic short-haired cat was presented to a feral cat sterilisation clinic in September 2015. Closed castration was performed in routine fashion. Significant postsurgical haemorrhage was observed, coming from the incisions in the scrotum. Typical conservative therapy was not possible because the cat was feral and could not be contained and handled for treatment. The patient was prepared for a ventral mid-line approach. The testicular arteries were ligated within the peritoneal cavity as they entered the deep inguinal rings. Bleeding from the scrotum stopped within seconds. Complications from feline castration are uncommon, but when significant haemorrhage is encountered, references cite entering the abdomen but do not describe the specific anatomy or surgical techniques employed to resolve haemorrhage. This case report describes a situation in which such actions were taken, with details on this previously unreported procedure such that others may be able to repeat it as necessary.
An approximately 6‐year‐old, obese, deep‐chested dog presented to a sterilisation clinic for a routine ovariohysterectomy surgery. Significant intraoperative haemorrhage was observed from one of the ligated ovarian arteries. Exploratory surgery was performed to locate the bleeding tissue and additional ligatures were placed. This took several minutes due to impairment of visualisation from blood and tissues. After re‐ligation of the bleeding tissue, haemorrhage ceased and the patient recovered uneventfully. A long suture tag was left on ovarian pedicle ligatures in subsequent canine ovariohysterectomy surgeries to help locate bleeding pedicles more quickly. This case report describes the use of long suture tags left on the ovarian pedicle during ovariohysterectomy, with details on the properties of the suture used, that allows for this technique to be safe and effective in expediting identification of the pedicle in case of haemorrhage.
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