The purpose of the current study was to test the validity and reliability of a two-factor model of the Personal and Social Responsibility Questionnaire (PSRQ) and examine the relationships between perceptions of personal and social responsibility and intrinsic motivation in physical education. Participants were 253 middle school students who completed the questionnaires. The results from a confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency suggest the two-factor PSRQ is valid and reliable for assessing students’ perceptions of personal and social responsibility in physical education. The correlational analysis suggests that participants with higher levels of personal and social responsibility were likely to enjoy physical education more. An important implication for teaching practice is that, to encourage all individuals to be intrinsically motivated to participate in physical education, physical education teachers need to empower students with choices and voices, focus them on effort and self-direction in physical education, and create a respectful and caring learning environment.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Research in education and physical education has emphasized the need for continuing professional development (CPD) programs that are aligned with best practices. More specifically, scholars interested in teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) have emphasized the need to examine teachers' CPD. The purpose of this study was to provide a novel responsibility-based CPD experience to three physical educators and examine its impact on a middle school physical education program in the USA. Data were collected through systematic observations, interviews, nonparticipant observations and document analysis. Findings showed that the physical educators increased their awareness of responsibility-based teaching strategies, perceived them to positively impact students and integrated the strategies into their teaching. Furthermore, descriptive statistics illustrate frequent use of the teaching strategies and confirms the reliability of the observation instrument. The findings suggest that systematic observations can support responsibility-based CPD for the purposes of research, peer evaluations, or as a reflection tool. The long-term approach enhanced the potential for sustainability.

Evaluations of extended day programs in underserved communities have shown that participants usually drop out by the time they are 11–12 years old. Most of these programs, especially those that focus on physical activity, do not promote broadly developmental and empowerment-based processes and outcomes advocated by the emerging field of youth development. This article investigates both the retention issue and youth development processes and outcomes for two sequential physical activity extended day programs in an underserved community. Retention data and participant program evaluations were collected over a nine-year period, and these data together with a selective review of related studies are analyzed to determine the extent of linkage between the promotion of positive youth development and retention beyond 11–12 years old.

Underserved youth are at risk for numerous threats to their physical and psychological well-being. To navigate the challenges they face, they need a variety of positive life skills. This study systematically explored the implementation and short-term outcomes of a responsibility-based physical activity program that was integrated into an intact high school physical education class. Qualitative methods, drawing on multiple data sources, were used to evaluate a 20-lesson teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) program. Participants were 23 African American students in an urban high school. Five themes characterized the program: (a) establishing a relevant curriculum, (b) navigating barriers, (c) practicing life skills, (d) seeing the potential for transfer, and (e) creating a valued program. Findings extend the empirical literature related to TPSR and, more generally, physical activity programs designed to promote life skills. Implications for practitioners are discussed.

Although the original Tool for AssessingResponsibility-based Education (TARE) has proven useful in several studies, it has limitations. The three-fold purpose of this article is to present a revised version of the TARE including a new section to measure students´ behaviors, analyze the inter-rater reliability of the instrument, and assess the relationships between results of teacher and student observations. Data from 120 3-minute intervals of instructional time in physical education and general education lessons were analyzed. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) in conjunction with Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) analyses was conducted to assess the inter-rater reliability of the teacher observation section and the student observation section of the TARE 2.0. Additionally, differential analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficients were carried out. Findings indicate the various categories in the teacher and student observation sections have a high degree of inter-rater reliability and that there are many significant positive correlations between the two.