A nterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation programs have improved dramatically over the last decade. Whereas it once required 10 months to return patient5 to functional status (4,5,15), they can now begin an active lifestyle after only 24 weeks of rehabilitation (3,7).In light of the shortened rehabilitative process, the need to accurately and effectively assess lower extremity function in ACLreconstructed and -rehabilitated patients cannot be overstated. Yet advancements in these procedures have occurred at a far less aggressive pace. Currently, two forms of direct objective analysis exist: isokinetic dynamometry and dynamic functional testing.Isokinetic dynamometry has become a standard tool for lower extremity evaluation (10) because of its control over range of motion, accommodating resistance, movement velocity (21), and reliability (1,11,16,19, 23).Its validity and clinical relevance, on the other hand, have recently been questioned ( 1 1 ). Several studies, for instance, have reported discrepancies in torque output simply

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Possibly due to the lower intensity nature of the HVLL conditions, LVHL, twice-weekly was most beneficial for improving functional performance and strength in moderately-highly active older adults. Therefore, we recommend that exercise professionals ensure resistance exercise sessions have sufficient intensity of effort and volume, in order to maximise functional performance and strength gains in older adults.

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, repeated-measures design. Background The effects of trunk and shank position on patellofemoral joint stress of the lead limb have been well studied; however, the effects on the trail limb are not well understood. Objectives To test the hypothesis that trunk and shank position may influence patellofemoral joint stress in both limbs during the forward lunge exercise. Methods Patellofemoral kinetics were quantified from 18 healthy participants performing the lunge exercise with different combinations of trunk and shank positions (vertical or forward). A 2-by-3 (limb-by-lunge variation) repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed, using paired t tests for post hoc comparisons. Results The trail limb experienced greater total patellofemoral joint stress relative to the lead limb, regardless of trunk and shank position (P<.0001). The lunge variation with a vertical shank position resulted in significantly greater peak patellofemoral joint stress in the trail limb relative to the lead limb (P<.0001). A forward trunk and shank position resulted in the highest patellofemoral stress in the lead limb (P<.0001). Conclusion Trunk and shank positions have a significant influence on patellofemoral joint loading of both limbs during the forward lunge, with the trail limb generally experiencing greater total joint stress. Restricting forward translation of the lead-limb shank may reduce patellofemoral joint stress at the expense of increased stress in the trail limb. Technique recommendations should consider the demands imposed on both knees during this exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(1):31-40. Epub 4 Nov 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6336.

Highlights Affective responses to high-velocity, low-load and low-velocity, high-load resistance exercise performed once or twice weekly were similar in a group of physically active older adults. The low-velocity, high-load conditions were perceived to have a greater workload and to be more fatiguing, but this did not negatively impact enjoyment. These findings suggest that exercise professionals may use greater intensities and volumes of resistance exercise in physically active older adults, with no negative impact on enjoyment or affective responses. Because participants in the present study were already physically active, caution should be taken when applying these findings to more sedentary older adults.