Small ad-hoc wireless networks are becoming ubiquitous. Wireless protocols like ZigBee, ANT, and Bluetooth have been targeted towards small devices with limited capabilities. As the volume and sensitivity of data being communicated over these networks increases so does the need for security. The limited capabilities of these devices, however, means the standard in security is out of their reach. Cost and power factors prevent devices from being able to run public key (PK) cryptographic algorithms and standard block ciphers. Using the Needham-Schroeder (NS) symmetric key protocol [1], we show how Hummingbird, an ultra lightweight symmetric key algorithm, can be used to establish trust between a node and an authentication server (AS). The AS can then use the trust it shares with all nodes in the network to facilitate secure communication between two nodes previously unknown to each other. It also over comes the NS vulnerabilities and provides backwards secrecy up to the point a node is compromised.
Abstract-Large, established systems are essentially impossible to replace and must be improved incrementally to incorporate disaster tolerance. The question of which components need to be upgraded or have added redundancy requires the system to be wholly analyzed or simulated. Unfortunately, extremely large systems are not amenable to comprehensive simulation studies due to the large computational complexity requirements. This research presents a new method that results in a dramatic decrease in simulation time from that required by an entire system simulation to the sum of the total time of simulations for decomposed subsystems. Axiomatic analysis principles of information and independence are used as part of the methodologies to determine the best decomposition boundaries between subsystems. This allows the smaller subsystems to have maximum independence so that the entire system response can be reconstructed from a linear combination of the individual subsystem simulation responses.
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