The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) is thought to be an important driver for mass, momentum, and energy transfer between the solar wind and magnetosphere. This can occur through global-scale “viscous-like” interactions, as well as through local kinetic processes such as magnetic reconnection and turbulence. An important aspect of these kinetic processes for the dynamics of particles is the electric field parallel to the background magnetic field. Parallel electric field structures that can occur in the KHI include the reconnection electric field of high guide field reconnection, large amplitude ion acoustic waves, as well as time domain structures (TDS) such as double layers and electrostatic solitary waves. In this study, we present a survey of parallel electric field structures observed during three Kelvin Helmholtz events observed by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), each at different positions along the magnetosphere’s dusk flank. Using data from MMS’s on-board solitary wave detector (SWD) algorithm, we statistically investigate the occurrence of TDS within the KHI events. We find that early in the KHI development, TDS typically occur in regions with strong field-aligned currents (FACs) on the magnetospheric side of the vortices. Further down the flanks, as the vortices become more rolled up, the prevalence of large electric currents decreases, as well as the prevalence of SWDs. These results suggest that as the instability develops and vortices grow in size along the flanks, kinetic-scale activity becomes less prevalent.
Electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are a type of nonlinear time‐domain plasma structure (TDS) generally defined by bipolar electric fields and propagation parallel to the local magnetic field. Formation mechanisms for TDSs in the magnetosphere have been studied extensively and are associated with plasma boundary layers and the braking of bursty bulk flows (BBFs). However, the rapid timescales over which these TDSs occur (<2 ms) make them infeasible to count by eye over large time periods. Furthermore, high‐cadence data are not always available. The Solitary Wave Detector (SWD) on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission quantifies the occurrence and amplitude of TDS throughout the constellation's orbit; analysis of burst (65 kS/s) parallel electric field data indicates that the SWD captures approximately 60% of all bipolar TDS encountered in the tail region, enabling large‐scale examination of their occurrence. Maps of TDS occurrence rates during several years of the MMS mission were generated from SWD data, showing enhanced TDS density in the tail region between 6 and 9 Re; enhance occurrence in or near shocks; and an unexpected enhancement in the dawn side of the tail and in the radiation belt.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.