This paper examines the effect of migration and residential mobility on union dissolution among married and cohabiting couples. Moving is a stressful life event, and a large, multidisciplinary literature has shown that family migration often benefits one partner (usually the man) more than the other Even so, no study to date has examined the possible impact of within-nation geographical mobility on union dissolution. We base our longitudinal analysis on retrospective event-history data from Austria. Our results show that couples who move frequently have a significantly higher risk of union dissolution, and we suggest a variety of mechanisms that may explain this.

There is little evidence that the 2008 public antibiotic campaigns were effective. The use and visibility of future campaign materials needs auditing. A carefully planned approach that targets the public in GP waiting rooms and through clinicians in consultations may be a more effective way of improving prudent antibiotic use.

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Fertility rates are known to be higher in city suburbs. One interpretation is that the suburban 'context' influences the behaviour of individuals who reside there while an alternative is that the 'composition' of the suburban population explains the higher fertility levels. Furthermore, suburban in-migrants who intend to have children may have a significant influence on suburban fertility rates. Using Finnish longitudinal register data we show that fertility rates are higher in the suburbs and rural areas and lower in the cities. Fertility variation across these residential contexts decreases significantly after controlling for women's demographic and socio-economic characteristics. However, it does not disappear entirely suggesting that the local context may have some influence on fertility. While movers to suburbs do display higher fertility levels than non-migrant residents, their overall impact is not great because they form a small share of the suburban population.Keywords Fertility Á Migration Á Residential mobility Á Urban, suburban and rural Á Event history analysis Á Finland Résumé Les taux de fécondité sont connus pour être plus élevés dans les banlieues que dans les villes. Cette caractéristique pourrait s'expliquer soit un effet du 'contexte' suburbain sur le comportement des individus, soit par le rôle de la 'composition' de la population. De plus, les migrants récemment arrivés en banlieue et qui souhaitent avoir des enfants pourraient exercer une influence significative sur -008-9163-9 les taux de fécondité dans ces zones. A l'aide de données longitudinales de registre finlandais, nous établissons que les taux de fécondité sont plus élevés dans les banlieues et les zones rurales que dans les villes. Les variations entre contextes résidentiels se réduisent significativement après prise en compte des caractéristiques démographiques et socio-économiques des femmes. Toutefois, ces variations ne disparaissent pas entièrement, ce qui laisse penser que le contexte local pourrait exercer une influence sur la fécondité. Alors que les nouveaux arrivants dans les banlieues ont une fécondité plus élevée que les habitants de longue date, leur rôle reste limité car ils ne constituent qu'une petite part de la population suburbaine.123 Eur J Population (2009) 25:157-174 DOI 10.1007/s10680

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While numerous studies have compared urban and rural fertility rates across Europe, virtually no studies have distinguished suburbs as a distinct residential context. This study examines fertility variation across different residential contexts in four Northern European countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. We move beyond the conventional urban-rural focus of most previous studies of within-nation variations in fertility by distinguishing between urban centres and suburbs of cities and towns. We base our study on aggregate and individual-level register data and our analysis shows that fertility levels are significantly higher in suburbs than in urban centres; this pattern has persisted over the past quarter of a century for all four countries. A parity-specific analysis of Swedish register data reveals that total fertility varies between central cities and suburbs due to the relatively high first-and second-birth propensities in the suburbs. Further analysis shows that fertility variation between the central cities and suburbs persists after controlling for women's socio-economic characteristics. We discuss the role of various factors in accounting for high suburban fertility including omitted individual characteristics, contextual factors and selective residential moves of couples planning to have a child, suggesting that more study is required of this underresearched topic.

One interpretation of this large, persistent, and statistically significant cluster of suicides among young adults in east Glasgow is that suicide is geographically contagious, but the present results suggest that it is explained by the concentration of deprivation in this area. Suicide prevention strategies targeting at-risk populations living in east Glasgow are necessary to reduce the suicide burden in Scotland.