The work reported in this paper investigates Research and Development (R&D) project selection models, focusing on the application of a new hybrid project selection model in a United Kingdom based engineering Small to Medium-sized Enterprise (SME). Work is done to enable the new project selection model to be applied in an SME and the model is then field tested. field test results provide insight into the barriers to the adoption of such a model in an SME, either as a decision support tool or as a knowledge acquisition and learning tool. As an outcome of the field test results a simple R&D project portfolio cash-flow tracking method is proposed.
It is advantageous to operate the thermodynamic cycle of an
aeroengine at as high a turbine entry temperature as practical for
the current metallurgical limits of the turbine blades, in order to
achieve peak cycle efficiency and thus lower specific fuel
consumption. However, achieving the highest possible turbine entry
temperature requires accurate knowledge of the turbine blade
temperatures for control purposes to prolong component life, as
frequent excursions beyond the design limits of the blades can
severely reduce their service life. The optical pyrometry technique
represents the best method for providing these crucial temperature
data needed for blade condition based monitoring. However, this
method of non-contact temperature measurement is subject to a number
of errors inherent to the gas turbine operating environment. In this
paper we present the general operating principles and an overview of
the measurement errors associated with optical pyrometry, together
with a discussion of the techniques to prevent, limit and compensate
for such errors resulting from the turbine environment.
When a tube, sealed at one end and open to a quiescent environment at the other, is rotated about its axis, fluid flows from the open end along the axis towards the sealed end and returns in an annular boundary layer on the cylindrical wall. This paper describes the first known study to be made of this self-induced flow. Numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations are shown to be in mainly good agreement with experimental results obtained using flow visualization and laser–Doppler anemometry in a rotating glass tube.The self-induced flow in the tube can be described in terms of the length-to-radius ratio, G, and the Ekman number, E. However, for large values of G (G [ges ] 20), the flow outside the boundary layer on the endwall of the tube can be characterized by a single, modified, Ekman number, E*, where E* = GE. Although most of the fluid entering the open end of the tube is entrained into the annular (Stewartson-type) boundary layer, for small values of E* (E* < 0.2) some flow reaches the sealed end. For this so-called 'short-tube case’, the flow in the boundary layer on the endwall is shown to be similar to that associated with a disk rotating in a quiescent environment: the free disk. The self-induced flow for the short-tube case is believed to be responsible for the ’ hot-poker effect’ used, on some jet engines, to provide ice protection for the nose bullet.
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