Difluoromethylated esters, malonates and amino acids (including the drug eflornithine) are obtained by a gas–liquid continuous flow protocol employing the abundant waste product fluoroform as an atom-efficient reagent.

The development of a scalable telescoped continuous flow procedure for difluoromethylation of a protected amino acid with fluoroform (CHF 3 , R-23) gas and subsequent high temperature deprotection to provide eflornithine, an important Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), is described. Eflornithine is used for the treatment of sleeping sickness and hirsutism, and it is on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Fluoroform is produced in large quantities as a side product in the manufacture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon). Fluoroform is an ozone-benign and nontoxic gas, but its release into the environment is forbidden under the Kyoto protocol owing to its high global warming potential. The existing manufacturing route to eflornithine uses chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF 2 , R-22) which will be phased out under the Montreal protocol; therefore, the use of the fluoroform presents a viable cost-effective and more sustainable alternative. The process parameters and equipment setup were optimized on laboratory scale for the two reaction steps to improve product yield and scalability. The telescoped flow process utilizing fluoroform gas was operated for 4 h to afford the target molecule in 86% isolated yield over two steps with a throughput of 24 mmol/h.

The palladium-catalyzed cyclization of o-vinylnitrobenzenes employing carbon monoxide as terminal reductant is investigated. The reaction proceeds with 1 to 2 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and generates carbon dioxide as the only stoichiometric side-product.

Introduction of acetoxy groups to organic molecules is important for the preparation of many active ingredients and synthetic intermediates. A commonly used and attractive strategy is the oxidative decarboxylation of...

Ozonolysis reactions are generally high-yielding, highly selective, and sustainable processes, especially when performed in green solvents. However, ozonolysis is underutilized in organic synthesis and chemical manufacture due to the safety...