Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by skin dryness, pruritus and eczematous lesions with various periods of relapse. Symptomatology can appear in childhood and can persist in adulthood. Chronic treatment is required with corticosteroids being the standard options. The side effects of this type of long-term treatment represent a major concern for the pediatric patients. This review aims to give an update of the options used for treatment, apart from the systemic corticosteroids. Mild-to-moderate AD had a good response to creams containing fig and oatmeal extracts and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (crisaborole). In cases of severe AD, future treatment options could include monoclonal antibodies such as omalizumab and dupilumab
Osteoporosis is represented by loss of bone mass with consequent bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Current treatment options include several classes of drugs and adjuvant use of vitamin D and calcium. The aim of this review is to study whether vitamin K2 could be of use to the actual treatment schemes as it is directly implicated in the normal metabolism of bone tissue. After consulting the current literature, we have found that vitamin K2 is able to reduce the risk of fracture in osteoporotic patients, increase osteocalcin and diminish levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin. In conclusion, vitamin K2 has the capability of improving the outcome and evolution of osteoporosis with minimal to no adverse effects and possibly achieving higher treatment compliance.
Objective: The aim of this review is to present the ways of approaching Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) and to emphasize on the current trends and problems of diagnosis.
Background: PCS represents a cause of chronic pelvic pain, affecting mainly women and suspected frequently during pregnancies. It is underdiagnosed partly because patients do not tend to investigate their symptomatology, but also because of the invasive character of the golden standard procedure for diagnosis, venography. Treatment includes interventional, medical and surgical alternatives.
Conclusions: Currently, ultrasound parameters are being assessed in order to replace venography, as it is usually performed in most patients in gynecology and most important it is non-invasive. Transvaginal approach, the use of Doppler mode and Valsalva maneuver, vein diameters can help orientate the diagnosis, pointing that US should have the potential to be used both as a screening test and diagnostic procedure in the future.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.258-262
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