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Pairs of male students, having specific extralaboratory affective relationships, competed for a prize in a 2-person game. An uncooperative partner resulted in a reduction in S's level of cooperative responding when the partner was either liked or unknown, but the initial level of cooperativeness was maintained when the partner was disliked. The results support a cognitive congruity model of social interaction in 2-person competitive games under conditions of low-value payoff.

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Ss involved in a 100-trial Prisoner's Dilemma game were initially exposed to either a 95% cooperative or 5% cooperative strategy attributed to a partner for whom they had indicated liking, disliking, or no specified relationship. Following 50 trials of the initial strategy, the partner abruptly shifted his strategy from either 95% to 5% cooperation or 5% to 95% cooperation. As predicted, Ss were initially more cooperative when playing against a liked partner and were more influenced by strategy changes of liked partners.