This literature overview demonstrates that helically chiral ligands and organocatalysts have been largely neglected so far. However, a few recent studies on helical pyridine, the corresponding ammonium salts and N-oxides have highlighted the significant potential of these compounds as organocatalysts for Michael type additions, aldehyde propargylations, epoxide openings, and others. In addition, helicenes displaying a fused phosphole ring at the end of their polyaromatic structures, have been used as ligands in enantioselective gold promoted cycloisomerization reactions, giving both excellent catalytic activity and high enantiomeric excesses. These recent results are expected to stimulate further research on the catalytic applications of helically chiral auxiliaries in the next few years.

This paper discloses the first uses of phosphahelicenes as chiral ligands in transition-metal catalysis. Unlike all known helical phosphines used so far in catalysis, the phosphorus function of phosphahelicenes is embedded in the helical structure itself. This crucial structural feature originates unprecedented catalytic behaviors and efficiency. An appropriate design and fine tuning allowed both high catalytic activity and good enantiomeric excesses to be attained in the gold promoted cycloisomerizations of N-tethered 1,6-enynes and dien-ynes.

This paper discloses the first uses of phosphahelicenes as chiral ligands in transition-metal catalysis. Unlike all known helical phosphines used so far in catalysis, the phosphorus function of phosphahelicenes is embedded in the helical structure itself. This crucial structural feature originates unprecedented catalytic behaviors and efficiency. An appropriate design and fine tuning allowed both high catalytic activity and good enantiomeric excesses to be attained in the gold promoted cycloisomerizations of N-tethered 1,6-enynes and dien-ynes. Figure 3. View of (S P ,P)-9 a'-endo and the corresponding cycloisomerization product (1R,6S)-15.Scheme 4. Enantioselective cycloisomerizations of N-tethered dienynes with HelPHOS-gold complexes. Angewandte Chemie 883

Enantiomerically pure thiahelicenes displaying a terminal phosphole unit and a stereogenic phosphorus center have been prepared by oxidative photocyclization of a diaryl-olefin precursor. Starting from one of these phosphathiahelicene oxides, the corresponding trivalent phosphine-Au(I) complex is obtained with complete diastereoselectivity. It affords a new, excellent precatalyst for the enantioselective cycloisomerization of N-tethered enynes (up to 96 % ee).

The first use of phosphahelicene in enantioselective organocatalysis is reported. New chiral phosphahelicenes have been prepared and enable highly enantioselective [3+2] cyclization reactions between arylidene- or alkylidenemalononitriles and γ-substituted allenoates or cyanoallenes. These reactions afford cyclopentene derivatives in both high yields and diastereoselectivities, with enantiomeric excesses of up to 97 %.

This paper reports on the development of an efficient synthesis of enantiopure phospha[6]helicenes through a [2+2+2] alkyne cyclotrimerization reaction. The corresponding gold complexes proved to be highly efficient both in terms of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in [2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. Furthermore, in the presence of an external nucleophile, such as water or alcohols, the tandem cyclization/addition reactions take place in high yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

We report a novel approach to the classical natural product quinine that is based on two stereoselective key steps, namely a C−H activation and an aldol reaction, to unite the two heterocyclic moieties of the target molecule. This straightforward and flexible strategy enables a concise synthesis of natural (−)‐quinine, the first synthesis of unnatural (+)‐quinine, and also provides access to unprecedented C3‐aryl analogues, which were prepared in only six steps. We additionally demonstrate that these structural analogues exhibit improved antimalarial activity compared with (−)‐quinine both in vitro and in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Herein, the experimental physicochemical and chiroptical properties of a series of phosphahelicenes are reported, focusing on their UV/Vis absorption, luminescence, electronic circular dichroism, optical rotations, and circularly polarized luminescence. Furthermore, detailed analysis of absorption and ECD spectra performed with the help of quantum‐chemical calculations allowed us to highlight general features of these helicenic phosphines. Finally, due to well‐suited electrochemical properties and thermal stability, the systems were successfully used as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes.