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Coeval mafic igneous rocks emplaced rapidly over ϳ1.5 ؋ 10 6 km 2 in western and central Australia represent the erosional remnants of a late Mesoproterozoic large igneous province, named here the Warakurna large igneous province. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of rocks separated by as much as 1500 km indicates that the main episode of magmatism occurred between 1078 and ca. 1070 Ma. The Warakurna large igneous province includes layered maficultramafic intrusions and mafic to felsic volcanic rocks and dikes in central Australia, a 1000-km-long mafic sill province in Western Australia, and several swarms of mafic dikes. The large areal extent and short duration imply emplacement above a mantle-plume head. Despite their wide separation, the mafic rocks have similar mid-oceanic-ridge basalt-normalized trace element patterns and rare earth element characteristics. West-directed paleocurrents, westward-radiating dike swarms, and the occurrence of high-Mg rocks indicate that the center of the plume head was located beneath central Australia. Other late Mesoproterozoic large igneous provinces, in the Laurentia and Kalahari cratons, appear to be significantly older than the Warakurna large igneous province in Australia and thus are unlikely to be related to the same mantleplume head.

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