No abstract

No abstract

The faunal composition of zones A, D, E, and F off Central America is similar to that of equivalent zones off California; zones B and C are characterized by different species in the two regions. Zonal boundaries are at greater depths off California than off El Salvador. Physical and chemical factors that appear to influence distribution of Foraminifera are: depth; temperature, salinity, and oxygen content of the water; and nitrogen content and grain size of the bottom sediments. Salinity and oxygen values are very similar at corresponding zonal boundaries off California and off Central America. Temperature at these zonal boundaries is 5° to 10° higher in the shallow zones and 2° to 3° higher in the deep zones off Central America than off California, although the amount of seasonal variation is similar. Nitrogen values are similar in the two regions. Data on grain size are inadequate for comparison. The significance of the factors varies from zone to zone. Zone A is characterized by wide variations in temperature and salinity, and the species of this zone are those that can tolerate such wide variations. Zone B is subject to smaller seasonal variations, and its base is close to the bottom of the thermocline. It is characterized by different species off Central America than off California; water temperatures in this zone off Central America are higher than off California. Therefore species of this zone must be sensitive to the wide temperature difference between North American and Central American waters, though able to tolerate some variation in temperature and salinity. Zone C is below the thermocline and therefore subject to little seasonal temperature variation. Like zone B, it is distinguished by different species off North and Central America. Species of this zone tolerate, or may even require, cooler water and smaller seasonal variation than those of shallower zones. Zones D, E, and F are on the continental slope. Physical and chemical factors show little if any seasonal variation. Temperature decreases with increasing depth; oxygen reaches a minimum in zone D and then increases downward. Faunal differences between these zones must be controlled largely by downward decrease of temperature combined with uniform seasonal environment. Zones A, B, and C have small depth ranges; zones D, E, and F have large ones. In these latter zones, infraspecific morphologic variations have been found, with deeper water forms (more than 800 meters) tending to have well-developed costae, keels, or carinae.

No abstract

Purpose: To understand how adults living in a low-income, public housing community characterize meaningful activity (activity that gives life purpose) and if through short-term intervention, could overcome identified individual and environmental barriers to activity engagement. Methods: We used a mixed methods design where Phase 1 (qualitative) informed the development of Phase 2 (quantitative). Focus groups were conducted with residents of two low-income, public housing communities to understand their characterization of meaningful activity and health. From these results, we developed a theory-based group intervention for overcoming barriers to engagement in meaningful activity. Finally, we examined change in self-report scores from the Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment (MAPA) and the Engagement in Meaningful Activity Survey (EMAS). Results: Health literacy appeared to impact understanding of the questions in Phase 1. Activity availability, transportation, income and functional limitations were reported as barriers to meaningful activity. Phase 2 within group analysis revealed a significant difference in MAPA pre-post scores (p =0.007), but not EMAS (p =0.33). Discussion: Health literacy should be assessed and addressed in this population prior to intervention. After a group intervention, participants had a change in characterization of what is considered healthy, meaningful activity but reported fewer changes to how their activities aligned with their values.

No abstract

Analysis by the oxygen-isotope method of samples of benthonic Foraminifera, collected at different depths on the continental shelf and slope of western Cenitral America, yielded isotopic temperatures agreeing closely with the temperatures measured in the field. The validity of the oxygen-isotope method as a means of analysis of paleotemperatures is further supported.

In the Santa Ana Mountains and San Juan Capistrano area, Orange County, Calif., thick sections of Miocene sedimentary rocks are exposed. '!'hey are assigned to the Monterey shale. of middle and late Miocene age and the Puente formation of late Miocene age. The area described is divided into four geographic units: the northern and central Santa Ana Mountains, the southwestern Santa Ana Mountains, the area east of Oso Creek (east flank of the Capistrano syncline), and the area west of Oso Creek (west flank of the Capistrano syncline). The faunal assembl•ages of each area are compared with those of the California Miocene stages proposed by Kleinpell (1938). In the Santa Ana Mountains, the Topanga formation (Relizian (?) stage) and the El l\1odeno volcanics (Luisian stage) are oyerlain Ull(:Onformably by the Puente formation (Mohnian stage). On the east flank of the Capistrano syncline, south of the El Toro Air Station, the •Topanga formation is overlain by the Monterey shale, which ranges in age from late Luisian at the base to l\fohnian at the top. To the west of Oso Creek, the Topanga formation is overlain by the Monterey shale which ranges in age from early Luisian at the base to late Luisian and Mohnian at the top. Changes in thicknesses of rocl\:s assigned to the Luisian •and Mohniah stages are due to unconformities and local depositional variations. No evidence was found to indicate that foraminiferal faunas assigned to the Mohnian stage grade laterally into faunas of the Luisian stage.