Inhibitory control training (ICT) proved to be effective in the reduction of unhealthy food or alcohol consumption, but its efficacy in smoking reduction is hard to estimate due to the scarcity of relevant research. In our randomized controlled trial, the participants (N = 84) were recruited from the population of young healthy female smokers who were motivated to quit. The experimental group underwent an ICT procedure based on the Go/No Go paradigm. The predetermined stop signals (‘no go’ condition) were associated mostly with smoking-related pictures (90% consistency), whereas the response signals were associated with matched neutral pictures. There were two active control groups: the first had an equal proportion of neutral and smoking-related pictures in the ‘go’ and ‘no go’ trials; the second trained inhibitory control according to the same scheme as the experimental group, but the participants were not exposed to any smoking-related cues. All groups underwent 13 training sessions over 25 days. All participants completed a battery of questionnaires and cognitive tasks three times: before training, after its completion, and two months later. We found that all participants reduced the feeling of craving and devalued the smoking-related pictures. Since there were no between-group differences, these effects probably did not result from ICT. However, we found that the experimental group smoked significantly less cigarettes than the control groups; they also reduced the number of smoking days during the preceding 30-day period. The results suggest that extensive ICT training may serve as an effective method of reducing nicotine intake.
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