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Sustainable intellectual capital is a promising starting-point for the incorporation of environmental aspects into the general management system of a fi rm. This paper examines how sustainable intellectual capital helps to overcome the shortcomings of conventional approaches to environmental management systems. It does this by extending the concept of sustainability from relational capital to the three pillars of intellectual capital: human, structural and relational intellectual capital. A multiple case study was carried out with Spanish fi rms characterized by their high level of environmental leadership. The fi ndings indicated that sustainable human intellectual capital, environmental training, information and awareness sessions help in the accumulation and utilization of knowledge. As for sustainable structural intellectual capital, the environmental technology portfolio is improved and new environmental departments are created. Regarding sustainable relational intellectual capital, the fi rm-environment link is very important. In the primary and secondary sectors suppliers become involved to a greater extent in the environmental management process, whereas in the service sector it is the customer who becomes more involved.

In this research two concepts of current relevance in the management literature are related, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and green human resource management (GHRM). So far, research in both fields has been developed in parallel; However, we consider that it is necessary to deepen the connection between both variables and their impact on the environmental and financial outcomes of firms.

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Purpose-The idea that knowledge management can be a potential source of competitive advantage has gained strength in the last few years. However, a number of business actions are needed to generate an appropriate environment and infrastructure for knowledge creation, transfer and application. Among these actions there stands out the design of an organizational structure, the link of which with knowledge management is the main concern here. More specifically, the present paper has as its aim to identify the characteristics of organizational structure that facilitate the development of knowledge management processes. Design/methodology/approach-The research strategy used to achieve this aim is the multiple case study method, which has been applied to six Spanish firms of recognized international prestige characterized by their excellence and proactivity in matters of knowledge. Findings-In general terms, the results show that these companies adopt flexible, increasingly flat organizational forms with fewer hierarchical levels which not only allow but also encourage communication and teamwork among staff members so that everybody can interact more easily. This makes it possible for employees to take better advantage of their competencies, generating organizational routines and increasing the value of their contributions thanks to the freedom of action they are given. Originality/value-The main contribution made in this paper lies in the fact that, from a study of business practices, it describes the way in which certain Spanish companies construct knowledge socially and orient their behavior through their organizational structure.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper -based on the conviction that the human resource is by far the most strategic or distinctive resource available to firms competing in hospitality and tourism industriesis to objectively analyze the research on HR developed in the domain of tourism and hospitality management between 1997-2016.Design/methodology/approach -'Bibliometric' methods are utilized: 'document citation and co-citation analyses', as well as 'multivariate and social network analyses (SNA).' Findings -The paper provides an interesting inventory of the theoretical foundations of knowledge developed around HR in the field under study by different theoretical frameworks and scientific disciplines, such as marketing or psychology. However, its main contribution is to identify an important 'gap' in the literature in the specific area of management.Research limitations/implications -The present study has several limitations resulting from the utilization of 'bibliometric' methods applied in the analyses performed. As for the implications, these are more than obvious.Originality/value -The authors believe that research developed here provides -through a kind of 'meta-analysis'-a valuable outlet from which future researchers could benefit, giving them easier access to the theoretical foundations on which HR research in the field in question is based. Our work also suggests some paths for future development or research in the field within the context of hospitality and tourism industries.

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Recent literature in the domain of environmental management suggests that employees' behavior is vital to enhance environmental performance. Despite this, little effort has been made to study how human resource management is linked with the environmental performance. Even less attention has been given to a joint consideration of green innovation and green human resources management and their