This paper examines the properties of a multi-phase drive for EV (electric vehicles) and HEV (hybrid-electric vehicles) using a simulation model in the Matlab/Simulink environment and verifies the findings by experimental measurements on a real motor. The paper studies a five-phase induction motor, a suitable alternative for electric vehicles, due to its better properties such as better torque, smoother ripple, better fault tolerance, and the possibility of connecting stator windings to star, pentagon, and pentagram. The fundamentals of the article are to find out how this engine behaves in fault states, which can be called hazardous states. The paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the decrease of mechanical power, torque, and power losses during motor operation without failure, in case of failure of one phase, and in case of failure of two adjacent phases and two non-adjacent phases, in different connections. In the simulations, the five-phase drive is powered from an ideal five-phase voltage source to verify the behavior of losses on the motor in fault conditions. Subsequently, the motor model is powered by a five-phase VSI, while the simulated waveforms are confirmed on a real motor, which is also powered by a five-phase VSI. The investigation results are the detection, which of the stator windings has better properties in the fault-free state and the case of fault states in operation. For which stator windings connection, it is most advantageous to design and dimension a five-phase induction motor.
This article addressed the problem of matrix converters (MxC), specifically the investigation of power losses and matrix converter efficiency in a 3 × 5 arrangement. In today’s modern world, efficiency is very important; hence, power loss and efficiency analysis are important throughout the design process of modern semiconductor converters. The ability to evaluate power losses more quickly using the simulation approach can greatly reduce the amount of time necessary for the design, in comparison with numerical analysis. The described model employed contemporary SiC semiconductors, which offer substantial benefits over IGBT transistors. The 3 × 5 converter model was shown, along with a study of power losses in various elements of the converter, such as the power circuit, input filter, and so on. A summary of the simulated findings was offered at the end of the study, along with the benefits and drawbacks of employing SiC semiconductors in bidirectional switches for matrix converters.
This paper discusses a new approach for building a compact all-in-one matrix converter module based on SiC semiconductors arranged in a common source connection. The used transistors are in the D2PAK package. The design of the module is divided into two parts, namely a power module designed at one-layer aluminum substrate printed circuit board (PCB) to ensure good thermal performance and voltage isolation between the module and heatsink. The second board is responsible for the SiC driving and is mounted at the top of the power PCB and consists of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) drivers, isolated power supplies, a current direction detection circuit, and current value sensors. In the paper, the proper function of the SiC MOSFET drivers, current direction detection, and current measurement sensors were evaluated. Finally, 3D design together with the final prototype is presented. The modules contain three bidirectional cells for interconnection three input voltage sources and one output phase. The uniqueness and novelty of the presented module are the compactness and easy expandability of the module to achieve higher power outputs and multiphase applications such as five phase machines.
This paper deals with the quasi-instantaneous determination of an apparent-, active-, and reactive (i.e., blind and distortion) power mean values, including total power factor, total harmonic distortion, and phase shift of fundamentals of power electronic system (PES) using the p-q method. The power components’ mean values are investigated both during transients and steady states. Using an integral calculus over one period and the moving average method (or digital filtering), the power components’ mean values can be determined within the next calculation step directly from phase current and voltage quantities. Consequently, with known values of a phase shift of fundamentals (using Fourier analysis), the power factor can be evaluated. The results of this study show how a distortion power component during transients is generated even under harmonic supplying and linear resistive-inductive load. The paper contains a theoretical base, modeling, and simulation for the 5-, 3-, and 2-phases of PES transients. A system compensated by switched capacitors as well as an active power filter shows a possibility to compensate for distortion and reactive power components in the next calculation step. Worked-out results can be used for the right determination and sizing of any PES. The presented approach brings the detailed time-waveform and improved quality of electrical quantities (time-waveforms), and through quasi-instantaneous (single step) response time of compensation, minimizes nascent overvoltage of the system.
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