Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) are rare Southeast Asian felids; they are almost exclusively studied in the wild using remote cameras. These studies identify presence-absence and estimate abundance of clouded leopards to improve conservation efforts. Photographing clouded leopards at remote-camera sites requires extensive time in the field. Improving success of remote-camera sets could improve knowledge about population dynamics and identify critical conservation areas for these animals. This study tested a range of visual and scent attractants widely used to attract felids and other carnivores to remote-camera sites. The goal was to identify attractants that might best attract clouded leopards. During August 2011, we used captive animals (n ¼ 9) at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA, to test attractants. Turkey feathers and U.S. Department of Agriculture scent disks were the best-performing visual and scent attractants (P < 0.05 vs. control); a combination of the two was not significantly different from either individual treatment (P > 0.05). Turkey feathers and scent disks are attractants that are highly effective in a controlled setting and should be field-tested; it appears that they may significantly improve success of remote-camera sets targeting clouded leopards. ß 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The heterogeneous decomposition of 2-propanol vapor in the presence of CuO solid can be induced by irradiation with a pulsed CO2 laser. The reaction produces both propene and acetone. In contrast, the homogeneous multiphoton-induced decomposition of 2-propanol vapor yields only propene. The branching ratio ([hydrocarbon]/[acetone]) in the heterogeneous experiments has been examined as a function of laser pulse energy. While the yield of acetone increases monotonically with increasing fluence, yields of hydrocarbon show two distinctly different regimes of fluence dependence. Reactions have been run with both d8 and h8 2-propanol and on 1:1 mixtures. Neither reaction channel shows significant isotopic selectivity over a range of experimental conditions. This data will be discussed in light of a model that involves energy deposition in the solid, followed by either heterogeneous reaction of adsorbed material or energy transfer and subsequent multiphoton excitation of the alcohol vapor.
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