In this large unselected cohort, a high prevalence of symptomatic neurocognitive disorders was mainly related to its traditional determinants and associated with gray matter atrophy at early stages of the disease.

One of two adults with controlled HIV infection had poor lower limb muscle performance, which might put this population at risk of falls and fracture. The 5STS test is a simple test that should be recommended to assess muscular performance in HIV care.

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Physical intervention programs should be proposed according to nutritional intakes with the aim of preventing illness induced disability.

Compared to published data from healthy persons of similar age, baseline 5STS time and 6MWD were poorer in HIV-infected adults and associated with subsequent falls. Test performances deteriorated further over time. Age, diabetes, neurologic complications and injection drug use, rather than virologic factors, contribute to variations in lower limb muscle performance.