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The effects of adding bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate obtained with subtilisin, on water‐holding capacity (WHC), in a thermally processed chicken meat model, were investigated. Hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) (6.57%, 13.14%, and 26.28%) were prepared. The results showed that all the tested hydrolysates improved water retention in the meat matrix. The hydrolysate with 26.28% DH showed similar behavior throughout the full range of concentrations [0% to 5% w/w] compared to that of the positive control (sodium tripolyphosphate [STPP]). In addition, the other hydrolysates [6.57% DH and 13.14% DH at 3% and 2.5% w/w concentrations, respectively] showed behaviors that coincided with that of STPP at its maximum limit allowed. A correlation was observed between the WHC and the pH of the meat samples treated with each hydrolysate or STPP. In addition, it was found that the WHC of the hydrolysates was due to increases in pH and the specific effects of the hydrolysate beyond the typical effects of pH and ionic strength in meat systems. The solubility of all hydrolysates was high (>90%). In conclusion, bovine skin gelatin hydrolysates could serve as an alternative to polyphosphates to improve water retention and the functional properties of thermally processed meat products.Practical ApplicationThis study investigated the effects of adding bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate obtained with subtilisin on water‐holding capacity (WHC) in a thermally processed chicken meat model. It was found that the hydrolysis of bovine skin gelatin with subtilisin can replace chemical products harmful to health, such as STPP, in terms of water‐holding capacity. Therefore, bovine skin gelatin hydrolysate can be used as an ingredient in the formulation of thermally processed meat products.

This paper presents a medium-voltage drive based on an open-end winding induction machine supplied by a multilevel power converter topology. The power converter consists of cascaded two-level three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) connected to each side of the machine windings and each VSI is fed by an isolated DC supply. The topology has been previously reported in the literature as a sinusoidal pulse-width modulation operating in an open loop. In this work, a closed-loop model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed. MPC offers a much simpler method to control the power switches of the inverter compared to complex modulation strategies that are typically used in multilevel converters. Moreover, the advantage of reducing the common-mode voltage offered by the open-end winding configuration is fully exploited in this work. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed topology and control method.