Stereotypes are ingrained in the fabric of the USA and coincide with the institution of slavery. The expected behaviors of African-Americans are fueled by stereotypes maintained by the status quo. Throughout US history, the stereotyping of African-Americans, particularly males, has had a negative impact on African-American families and communities. For instance, the belief that African-Americans are unintelligent, lazy, violent, and criminals has affected educational outcomes, employment opportunities, socioeconomic status, and the dismantling of African-American families and communities. Educators, businessmen, and law enforcement often believe these stereotypes, which influences their treatment of African-Americans. The oppression of African-Americans is a critical human rights issue that has to be addressed in social work practice. This article highlights a historical overview of how stereotypes have contributed to a denial of human rights, evidenced by inequalities in education, employment, and the justice system. Recommendations for culturally competent interventions and practice to improve social equity are discussed.
The numbers of children with incarcerated parents continue to rapidly grow in the Unites States. There has been very little research on policy formulation or literature written that focuses on incarcerated mothers and the profound effects that it has on the children and caregivers. The children are left voiceless and forced to succumb to a harsh criminal justice system, child welfare system, and policy makers. The caregivers of children whose parents are incarcerated experience increased risk for antisocial outcomes, internalizing symptoms and academic difficulties with the children. Social Work is fundamental to improving the policy outcomes of these groups and necessary in cultivating the plight for many of these families.
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