Introduction: Safety is a global issue in hospitals. Unexpected events or errors related to health services occur in children, and about 75% are associated with medical procedures. Parental involvement becomes one of the strategies used to improve patient safety. Families who know patient safety can educate themselves to prevent and detect errors that occur during treatment. Education can improve the general knowledge about patient safety. The Speak Up program is recommended by JCAHO to improve effective communication, and this program has a preventive impact on human error. This study aims to determine the effect of education on parent’s ‘speaking up’ knowledge regarding patient safety in the Children's Wards of Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: This research study was quasi-experimental using a one group pre-test and post-test design. The intervention in this research was education. The consecutive sampling technique was used with a total of 62 respondents selected. The Speak Up questionnaire and observation sheet to get to know the changes in the knowledge of Speak Up was used to collect the data. The data analysis used a Paired Sample T-Test. Result: The result of the paired T-test showed a p-value <0,001 (p <0,05) which means that there was a significant influence by way of education on parent’s speak up knowledge regarding patient safety. Conclusion: Education improved the parents' speak up knowledge about patient safety.
Background: Vulnerable people are at higher risk for ill health and often experience discrimination in health services. Persons with disabilities, People with Dementia (PWD), and People with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are some groups of people with vulnerabilities who often need hospital care. Nurses are the largest group of health personnel and frequently meet with these patients so that the attitude of nurses can have a consequence on the quality of health care. Research Objectives: To identify nurses' attitudes towards vulnerable people and factors related to their attitudes. Methods: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 386 nurses in the main public Dr. Sardjito hospital selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected in January-February 2021 with a Google Form. Researchers used a demographic data questionnaire, an attitude questionnaire (Attitude Toward Disabled Person Scale Form O, Dementia Attitude Scale, and AIDS Attitude Scale), and a knowledge questionnaire (Self-Administered Questionnaire about Knowledge), Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale, and HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire-18). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, specifically the Spearman rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The score of nurses' attitudes towards persons with disabilities was 54.00 out of 120; the score of nurses' attitudes to PWD was 102.00 out of 140; and the score of nurses' attitudes toward PLWHA was -0.65 out of +5. Knowledge, history of interaction, and experience in caring have a significant effect on nurses' attitudes towards vulnerable people (p value <0.05). The education level only affects the attitudes of nurses towards persons with disabilities (p value = 0.042). Family history only affects nurses' attitudes to PWD (p value = 0.013). Age and special education/training only affect the attitudes of nurses on PWD and PLWHA (p value <0.05). Conclusion: Nurses tend to present positive attitudes toward PWD, but nurses are inclined to show negative attitudes against people with disabilities and PLWHA. Knowledge, caring experience, and interaction are confirmed to have an effect on nurses' attitudes with the result that programs to increase knowledge and experience of nurses towards vulnerable groups are recommended for this group. Keywords: Attitude, Dementia, Disability, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Nurse.
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