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Objective: Variation in bronchiolitis management by race and ethnicity within emergency departments (EDs) has been described in single-center and prospective studies, but large-scale assessments across EDs and inpatient settings are lacking. Our objective is to describe the association between race and ethnicity and bronchiolitis management across 37 U.S. freestanding children's hospitals from 2015 to 2018.Methods: Using the Pediatric Health Information System, we analyzed ED and inpatient visits from November 2015 to November 2018 of children with bronchiolitis 3 to 24 months old. Rates of use for specific diagnostic tests and therapeutic measures were compared across the following race/ethnicity categories: 1) non-Hispanic White (NHW), 2) non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 3) Hispanic, and 4) other. The subanalyses of ED patients only and children < 1 year old were performed. Mixed-effect logistic regression was performed to compare the adjusted odds of receiving specific test/treatment using NHW children as the reference group.

options, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Residents demonstrated marked increase in their understanding of the various policy and procedure topics, as evidenced by comparison of pre-and posttest responses (FIGURE).The question-and-answer conclusion to the workshop resulted in a much more robust discussion of topics and further potential application scenarios generated by residents than seen in previous years with the more traditional didactic review of policies and procedures.Feasibility: presentation of policies and procedures during orientation for new residents can be effectively delivered in a case-based, interactive format. There is minimal cost for supplies and approximately 1 hour of staff time to prepare materials for the workshop. This workshop is easily replicated across programs or sponsoring institutions.Acceptability: This format leads to greater engagement with the content by residents. Self-evaluation by residents indicates improved understanding of the materials. Further study should measure residents' retention and ability to reference and apply over time.