BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a total or partial deficit of sensory and motor pathways. Impairments of this injury compromise muscle recruitment and motor planning, thus reducing functional capacity. SCI patients commonly present psychological, intestinal, urinary, osteomioarticular, tegumentary, cardiorespiratory and neural alterations that aggravate in chronic phase. One of the neurorehabilitation goals is the restoration of these abilities by favoring improvement in the quality of life and functional independence. Current literature highlights several benefits of robotic gait therapies in SCI individuals.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the robotic gait devices, and systematize the scientific evidences of these devices as a tool for rehabilitation of SCI individuals.MethodsA systematic review was carried out in which relevant articles were identified by searching the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, PEDro and Capes Periodic. Two authors selected the articles which used a robotic device for rehabilitation of spinal cord injury.ResultsDatabases search found 2941 articles, 39 articles were included due to meet the inclusion criteria. The robotic devices presented distinct features, with increasing application in the last years. Studies have shown promising results regarding the reduction of pain perception and spasticity level; alteration of the proprioceptive capacity, sensitivity to temperature, vibration, pressure, reflex behavior, electrical activity at muscular and cortical level, classification of the injury level; increase in walking speed, step length and distance traveled; improvements in sitting posture, intestinal, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, tegmental and psychological functions.ConclusionsThis systematic review shows a significant progress encompassing robotic devices as an innovative and effective therapy for the rehabilitation of individuals with SCI.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12984-017-0338-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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IntroductionType 2 diabetes can lead to gait abnormalities, including a longer stance phase, shorter steps and improper foot pressure distribution. Quantitative data from objective methods for evaluating gait patterns are accurate and cost-effective. In addition, it can also help predictive methods to forecast complications and develop early strategies to guide treatments. To date, no research has systematically summarised the predictive methods used to assess type 2 diabetic gait. Therefore, this protocol aims to identify which predictive methods have been employed to assess the diabetic gait.Methods and analysisThis protocol will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) statement. Electronic searches of articles from inception to January 2022 will be performed, from May 2021 to 31 January 2022, in the Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, APA PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library and in references of key articles and grey literature without language restrictions. We will include studies that examined the development and/or validation of predictive methods to assess type 2 diabetic gait in adults aged >18 years without amputations, use of assistive devices, ulcers or neuropathic pain. Two independent reviewers will screen the included studies and extract the data using a customised charting form. A third reviewer will resolve any disagreements. A narrative synthesis will be performed for the included studies. Risk of bias and quality of evidence will be assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because only available secondary published data will be analysed. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and/or presentations at relevant conferences and other media platforms.PROSPERO registration numberCDR42020199495.