The current project addresses the great potential of S. caripense Dunal (Tzimbalo) for intraspecific breeding and interspecific gene flow towards the related commercial crop S. muricatum Aiton (Pepino) to develop fruits with improved antioxidants, flavor, and fruit weight. This study aims to determine the interaction between genotype x altitude and identify significant differences between treatments according to fruit weight. Tzimbalo varieties GenPurpura, Gennbiotz, and GenDulce, were used. Fruit weight was analyzed using a factorial experiment under a completely randomized design (CRD). The interaction Var. x m.a.s.l. was significant (mean ± SE), Gennbiotz:a1 (4.88 g ± 0.44; C) and GenDulce:a2 (4.38 g ± 0.25; BC), followed by GenPurpura:a1 (3.33 g ± 0.36; AB); also the principal effect Var. was significant, Gennbiotz (3.93 g ± 0.23; B) and GenDulce (3.64 g ± 0.25; B), followed by GenPurpura (2.90 g ± 0.19; A). These results demonstrate distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) of at least one tzimbalo variety. Fruit weight and other characteristics are relevant to improve quality and commercial potential. They are used to develop biofortified beer, jam, ice cream, and plant tissue culture media with sucrose and vitamins to strengthen biotechnological production in Cotopaxi-Ecuador. Keywords: factorial experiment; tzimbalo varieties; fruit quality; genotype; agri-biotechnology.
La diversidad genética garantiza la evolución y adaptación de las poblaciones animales. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la diversidad genética de la población de toros Holstein Friesian importados al Ecuador entre los años 2000-2021, a través de su información genealógica. Fueron evaluados 273 toros, el estudio del flujo y relaciones genéticas incluyó el nombre; código internacional; país y fecha de nacimiento, complementado con la consanguinidad por pedigrí y genómica. Fue calculado el índice de mérito neto según el percentil del toro. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo; y un análisis genético mediante el coeficiente de consanguinidad y el parentesco. Evidenciándose que la raza Holstein Friesian de Estados Unidos y Canadá representa el 89% del flujo genético al Ecuador, fundamentalmente toros probados inactivos y de edad avanzada. Los que se encuentran por debajo del percentil 50, con bajo índice de mérito y afectados por el grado de parentesco.
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