Natural Gas (NG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are considered as modern fuels particularly in the urban and rural areas in developing countries. In Colombia, approximately 6.5 million people, around 13% of the population in Colombia use traditional solid fuels for cooking. Using the Colombia Living Standard Survey (CLSS) data for 2010 to 2016 in this study is investigated the mainly socioeconomic factors that influence the choice of cooking fuel in households. A Multinomial Logit Regression (MLR) model is used for empirical analysis. Results reveal several important socioeconomic variables that determine the use of fuels such as type of household, education level and household income. Moreover, results allow to show the successful implementation of the Colombian substitution energy policy, from solid to cleaner fuels such as LPG and NG along national territory. Additionally, we provide several maps to show the evolution of cooking fuel usage in rural and urban areas of Colombia from 2010 to 2016.
The United Nations' agenda for sustainable development highlights the need to create resilient infrastructures for a sustainable industry that fosters innovation, while increasing resource utilization at all levels of the supply chain, from production to the final consumer. This research aims to expose the strategies that the manufacturing industry undertook towards sustainable development in Colombia and Mexico between 2010 and 2016, in which the documentary research methodology with a qualitative approach was utilized, supported by specialized academic journals. As a result, the countries' efforts can be analyzed in 3 categories: the development of new products, the use of new sources of energy such as renewables, and the construction of a green market around one true sustainable production.
Existe un interés por el desarrollo de proyectos de formación a víctimas para la creación de competencias que les permitan recuperar su modelo de vida como medida de reparación en el posacuerdo colombiano. Este estudio pretende analizar la relación entre emprendimiento social, saberes tradicionales y mediación de la educación e-learning como herramienta tecnológica de formación y apropiación del conocimiento. La investigación involucra expertos en atención y formación de víctimas y jóvenes víctimas del conflicto a través de una metodología etnográfica que incluye entrevistas y grupos focales. Los hallazgos evidencian un interés por procesos de formación en emprendimiento y transferencia de conocimiento bajo la modalidad e-learning; estos consideran los contextos sociales y económicos de los estudiantes, de manera tal que la pedagogía y la didáctica reflejen procesos incluyentes, flexibles y no-estandarizados. A modo de conclusión, se plantean grandes desafíos en el uso del e-learning por parte de la población, como la brecha de los resultados de aprendizaje creada por las externalidades sociales y económicas, el alcance de la igualdad digital en todos los territorios del país y la gestión de las habilidades y competencias suaves y duras que permitan a los estudiantes hacer parte de espacios de emprendimiento y empleabilidad en sus comunidades.
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