The experiment was carried out to determine the appropriate dose of coconut water as supplement for in vitro cultivation of zygotic embryos from 19 olive genotypes. The isolated embryos of the olive seeds were immersed on culture medium containing 0 (control), 25, 50, and 100mL L-1 of fresh and sterile coconut water and kept for 45 days under controlled environment. The percentage of germination, shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves and number of internodes were measured for all 19 olive genotypes. The ANOVA of the parameters evaluated showed significant genotypes x doses of coconut water interaction for shoot length, number of leaves and number of internodes and the dose of 100mL L-1 produced the best results overall as indicated by the means of measured parameters. However, the study showed the importance of determining the appropriate dose of coconut water for each genotype under consideration as shown by significant genotype x dose of coconut water interaction effect.

Effect of light on germination in vitro of zygotic embryos of olive genotypesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of light in the in vitro development of embryos from eleven olive genotypes on MS medium. The fruits were collected, and their embryos were extracted aseptically. Two experimental conditions of incubation were used: the presence of light, in a growth room at 251C, irradiance of 36 mol m -2 s -1 and a photoperiod of 16 hours, and the absence of light using BOD temperature of 25 °C. The germination was evaluated (speed index and percentage ratio) at the 10 th day of incubation. Additionally, at the 45 th day, the shoot length, the number of leaves and the internodes of seedlings were recorded. The best speed index and germination percentage occurred in conditions of incubation in the presence of light. The genotype 'Salome', access 488, presented the greatest shoot length, and the highest number of leaves and internodes, independent of the incubation condition.

O presente estudo objetivou testar concentrações de sacarose e tipos de vedação dos frascos no cultivo in vitro de teca (Tectona grandis L.f.). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (2x6), sendo dois tipos de vedação (tampa com filtro e tampa sem filtro) e seis concentrações de sacarose (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 e 30 mg.L-1), totalizando doze tratamentos com dez repetições. Os explantes foram cultivados em meio de cultura MS e mantidos por 35 dias em sala de crescimento com temperatura de 30 ± 2 ºC e fotoperíodo de 16 h. As seguintes variáveis foram determinadas: comprimento de broto (cm), número de entrenós e matéria seca dos brotos (mg). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o uso da tampa com filtro. Para cada variável, a melhor concentração de sacarose foi diferente. Na concentração de 17 mg.L-1 de sacarose, os brotos apresentaram 4,1 cm de comprimento. Na concentração de 18 mg.L-1, o número de entrenós, foi de 4,6 e para a matéria seca, a melhor concentração foi 30 mg.L-1, com média de 0,0162 mg. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com 18 mg.L-1 de sacarose e a tampa plástica com filtro.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de armazenamento na preservação da viabilidade e da germinação de embriões zigóticos de oliveira. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2. Frutos da cultivar Santa Catalina foram submetidos a diferentes condições de armazenamento -saco plástico em geladeira a 4-5°C e 15% de umidade relativa (UR), dessecador em geladeira a 4-5°C e 12% UR, saco plástico em laboratório a 27±1°C e 55% UR, dessecador em laboratório a 27±1°C e 30% UR -e aos períodos de armazenamento de 30 e 120 dias. A germinação in vitro e a viabilidade foram avaliadas pelo teste de tetrazólio aos 30 e 120 dias de armazenamento. A maior taxa de germinação (91,66%) e de viabilidade (33,33%) foram observadas a 4-5°C e 12% UR, aos 30 dias. Esta condição de armazenamento preserva os frutos de oliveira por mais tempo.Termos para indexação: Olea europaea, fisiologia de sementes, germinação in vitro, teste de tetrazólio. Viability and germination of olive embryos subjected to different conditions of fruit storageAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different storage conditions on the preservation of the viability and germination of olive zygotic embryos. A completely randomized block design was used, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. Fruits of the cultivar Santa Catalina were subjected to different storage conditions -plastic bag in refrigerator at 4-5°C and 15% relative humidity (RH), dissector in refrigerator at 4-5°C and 12% RH, plastic bag at laboratory room at 27±1°C and 55% RH, dissector in laboratory room at 27±1°C and 30% RH -, and to storage periods of 30 and 120 days. In vitro germination and viability were evaluated by the tetrazolium test at 30 and 120 days of storage. The highest germination rate (91.66%) and viability (33.33%) were observed at 4-5°C and 12% RH at 30 days. This storage condition preserves olive fruits for longer time.

The seeds of most crops are often harvested with water concentrations above the recommended levels; for instance, amaranth crops can be harvested under water contents up to 40%. Therefore, drying of the harvest is essential to preserve its post-harvest quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the drying kinetics of Amaranthus cruentus ‘BRS Alegria’ seeds dried via natural and artificial methods. Drying experiments were conducted in laboratory under natural methods, in shaded and open sun conditions, and also under artificial drying at temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C. The average temperatures of the seed mass were 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C for the natural drying methods, shaded and open sun, and under the artificial drying at temperatures of 60, 80, and 100 °C. The modified Midilli equation proved to be the best model for describing the drying kinetics of Amaranthus cruentus ‘BRS Alegria’ seeds. For the artificial drying method at temperatures of 60, 80, and 100 °C, durations of 2.5, 3.5, and 7 hours were respectively required to reduce the water content from 21.1% to 11.5%; and, 4.25, 4.75, and 10 hours to reduce concentration 21.1% to 8.5%. For natural drying under open sun, a drying time of 15 hours was required; for shaded conditions, a drying time of 164 hours was required until the water concentration reduced to 13% which was the equilibrium moisture.

No abstract

Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) são uma das propostas do Centro de Tecnologia Alternativa (CTA) paraconter a expansão da pecuária extensiva na região do Vale do Guaporé mato-grossense, caracterizada pelabaixa produtividade e grande impacto ambiental. Esse centro é uma associação formada por agricultorese técnicos da região que, desde sua fundação, em 1992, vem criando e difundindo tecnologias alternativaspara a agricultura familiar, segundo a visão da agroecologia, visando diminuir os problemas ambientaiscausados pelos atuais sistemas de produção praticados na região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar asimplicações sociais e ambientais dos SAFs nas unidades produtivas estudadas. As técnicas empregadas nesteestudo foram: entrevistas abertas, conversas informais, diário de campo e observação participativa. Osagricultores mostraram-se conscientes a respeito da importância da conservação do meio ambiente e verificarammelhorias no ambiente, aumento da renda e da oferta de alimentos com a implantação dos SAFs.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the packaging conditions and the initial moisture content of amaranth BRS Alegria seeds, stored in the period of 13 months (10 months ambient conditions and 3 months in cold chamber). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme with two initial moisture contents (9.82% and 7.84%), and two packing conditions (sealed and unsealed), with four replications, totaling 16 plots. The germination was in 12 hours photoperiod and 25°C constant temperature, for 7 days. The variables analyzed were percentage of germination (PG), first germination count (FGC), non-germinated seeds (NGS), germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). The sealed 9.82% seed lot presented better results for PG, NGS and GSI (77.5%, 22.5% and 24.88, respectively). The moisture content of 9.82% is adequate for the storage of Amaranthus cruentus BRS Alegria, with no further drying required. It is recommended to seal the packages for the storage of amaranth seeds of BRS Alegria, as it maintains its physiological quality for longer.