E vidence-based practices (EBPs), or instructional practices validated by scientifically based research, have been promoted as key components of educational reform (Cook, Smith, & Tankersley, 2011;Earles-Vollrath, 2012). To ensure that EBPs really do cause desired changes in student outcomes, they are derived from research studies that demonstrate high internal validity, such as methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials. Such studies may be difficult to conduct in typical classroom settings (Berliner, 2004) and often involve atypical supports, such as external 147
Students in remote communities face many challenges to get an education. This is especially true for indigenous and native people. To train teachers for these populations, the authors used web-based conferencing, which avoids some of the technological challenges of communicating with students in these communities. The virtual classes also were organized to take students' cultural preferences into account and to create learning communities among students.
Teacher shortages in special education generally result from variables (e.g., fewer teachers entering the field and others exiting due to personal and organizational factors, lack of administrative or other support, role ambiguity and role conflict) that may impact negatively on the provision of quality educational programs to students with disabilities. As a result, universities and state departments of education are joining forces to design and implement alternative teacher certification programs as an attempt to reverse the downturn in the availability of qualified special education teachers. In this article, we discuss the Alternative Basic Certification Program in Special Education (ABC-SE) offered by the Department of Special Education at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, in collaboration with the Hawaii Department of Education, including program characteristics, implementation, and aggregate outcomes for the years of operation.
A tension exists between educational practitioners and researchers, which is often attributed to their dichotomous and oftentimes polarizing professional ideologies or Discourse communities. When determining what works in education, researchers tend to emphasize evidence-based practices (EBPs) supported by research that is rigorous and internally valid, whereas practitioners tend to value practice-based evidence (PBE) that is relevant and externally valid. The authors argue that these separate mindsets stem from the classical view of research as being either rigorous or relevant. In his canonical Pasteur's Quadrant, Stokes (1997) proposed that rigor and relevance are complementary notions that, when merged, further the production, translation, and implementation of instructional practices that are both rigorous (i.e., evidence-based) and relevant (i.e., practice-based). The authors propose educational design research (EDR) and communities of practice (CoPs) as frameworks through which to realize the promise of Pasteur's quadrant.
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