Key Points Question What are the pooled prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and factors associated with the rates in high-income and low- and middle-income countries? Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis including 77 studies from 36 countries comprising 515 646 infants younger than 3 weeks, the pooled overall prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus was 0.67%. The infection burden was 3-fold greater in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Lower rates were reported in screening methods using blood compared with urine or saliva. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that low- and middle-income countries incur the greatest infection burden of congenital cytomegalovirus; a global effort to address congenital cytomegalovirus in regions with the greatest prevalence is needed to reduce disease incidence and morbidity.

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Trade and business associations and professional membership societies like many other political interest groups in the United States advocate and lobby their interests in the policy arena. Yet, we lack the understanding of how organizational capabilities shape different forms of political engagement in trade and professional associations. Research on the political involvement of tax-exempt organizations has been focused on charitable nonprofits. Studying the elements that underlie political action strategies and tactics of trade and professional associations would expand our understanding of political engagement in the nonprofit sector. In our sample of occupational mutual benefit associations, both resource dependence and institutional factors such as board size, affiliated foundation, tax-exempt status, business classification, and membership type explained the likelihood of political strategies including advocacy, lobbying, grassroots activity, and having a political action committee (PAC). Organizational size characteristics such as budget, staff, and membership size mattered as well.