is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Addressing complexity in design: a systemic model of creativity and guidelines for tools and methodsThe aim of this paper is to show how the systemic approach makes it possible to redefine creativity; it highlights new ways to stimulate it in complex industrial contexts. A model was constructed from a state-of-the-art review categorized according to three conceptual scales (environment, individual, and object) using the systemic approach. It highlights three fundamental interactions (perceptual, cognitive, and social) that synthesize the mechanisms of creativity as a whole. From this model, three guidelines were proposed: the use of analogical tools to stimulate perceptual interactions, the use of a language based on visual forms to stimulate cognitive interactions, and the use of a cyclical process alternating individual, social and expert creativity to stimulate social interactions. Deployed together as an embedded method, we argue that these guidelines improve creative performance in complex contexts by focusing on interactions that stimulate the overall creativity system. We conclude with an implementation of this method in our industrial context (a car manufacturer), and test the guidelines in the context of real industrial projects.
This article provides a presentation of the creativity method that is deployed in our industrial context and a synthesis of observations from around thirty creative workshops. Our work has led to the development of a systemic approach of creativity that, we argue, can guide the development of creativity tools suited to complexity in design. We begin by presenting a creativity method that has been deployed in an industrial context, and then a summary of observations drawn from the workshop analysis of ten industrial projects. Next, we present a short state of the art on the systemic approach of creativity that we promote for a better understanding of creative mechanisms. We conclude by highlighting ways to develop new tools suited to the stimulation of creativity in a complex industrial environment.
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