Benthic macroinvertebrates have many useful properties that make possible the use of these organisms as sentinel in biomonitoring programmes in freshwater. Combined with the characteristics of the water and sediment, benthic macroinvertebrates are potential indicators of environmental quality. Thus, the spatial occurrence of potentially toxic metals (Al, Zn, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni) in the water, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates samples were investigated in a sub-basin in the southeast of Brazil in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo state, with the aim of verifying the metals and environment interaction with benthic communities regarding bioaccumulation. Hypothetically, there can be contamination by metals in the aquatic environment in the city due to lack of industrial effluent treatment. All samples were analysed by the USEPA adapted method and processed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sub-basin studied is contaminated by toxic metals in superficial water, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates. The Bioaccumulation Factor showed a tendency for metal bioaccumulation by the benthic organisms for almost all the metal species. The results show a potential human and ecosystem health risk, contributing to metal contamination studies in aquatic environments in urban areas.

The spatial and temporal occurrence of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni) in water and sediment samples was investigated in a sub-basin in the southeast of Brazil (São Carlos, SP). All samples were analysed using the USEPA adapted metal method and processed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The discriminant analysis demonstrated that there are significant seasonal differences of metal distribution in the water data, but there are no differences to sediment. The basin studied has high levels of contamination by toxic metals in superficial water and sediment. The superficial water, in the rainy season, presented high levels of Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd, while in the dry season it presented high levels of Zn and Ni. The Principal Component Analysis demonstrated that the season has a huge influence on the levels, types and distribution of metals found in water. The source of contamination was probably diffuse, due to products such as batteries and fluorescent lamps, whose dump discharge can contaminate the bodies of water in the region in the rainy season. Due to fires from the harvest of sugar cane, high levels of Zn were found into the environment, in the dry season.Keywords: heavy metal, water pollution, sediment pollution. Estudo sazonal da contaminação por metais na água e sedimentos em uma sub-bacia na região sudeste do Brasil ResumoA ocorrência espacial e temporal de metais pesados (Al, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn e Ni) nas amostras de água e sedimento foram investigadas em uma sub-bacia do sudeste do Brasil (São Carlos, SP). Todas as amostras foram analisadas através do método de metal USEPA, adaptado e processado por espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. A análise de Discriminante demonstrou que existem diferenças sazonais significantes na distribuição dos metais na água, mas não existem diferenças para o sedimento. A água superficial, na estação chuvosa, apresentou altos índices de Cr, Ni, Pb e Cd, enquanto na estação seca apresentou altos índices de Zn e Ni. A Análise de Componente Principal demonstrou que as estações do ano têm uma enorme influência no nível, no tipo e na distribuição dos metais encontrados na água. A fonte de contaminação foi provavelmente difusa devido a produtos como baterias e lâmpadas fluorescentes, cuja descarga nos lixões pode contaminar os corpos de água da região na estação chuvosa. Devido a queimadas provenientes da colheita de cana-de-açúcar, altos níveis de Zn foram encontrados no ambiente na estação de seca.Palavras-chave: metal pesado, poluição da água, poluição do sedimento.