Our research team is specialized in human-computer systems and their engineering, with focus on interactive software systems for aeronautics (from cockpits to control towers). This context stands out by the need for certification, such as DO-178 or ED-12. Today, formal methods are pushed forward, as one of the best tools to achieve the verification and validation of properties, leading to the certification of these systems. Interactive systems are reactive computer systems that process information from their environment and produce a representation of their internal state. They offer new rich interfaces with sophisticated interactions. Their certification is a challenge, because the validation is often a human based process since traditional formal tools are not always suitable to the verification of graphical properties in particular. In this paper, we explore the scientific work that has been done in formal methods for interactive systems over the last decade, in a systematic study of publications in the International Workshop on Formal Methods for Interactive Systems. We describe an analytical framework that we apply to classify the studied work into classes of properties and used formalisms. We then discuss the emerging findings, mainly the lack of papers addressing the formal specification or validation of perceptibility properties. We conclude with an overview of our future work in this area.
Critical systems, particularly aeronautical systems, contain newly highly interactive devices: for example, the new generation cockpits use sophisticated electronics. They are driven by complex reactive software applications able to react to various kinds of inputs and to provide a representation of their internal state. In this context, the certification processes described in DO-178C and in DO-333 give an important place to formal verification of the requirements of these systems. Many formal methods have been proposed for this verification. However properties related to the graphical elements of these systems like position, overlapping, color, etc. have not received the same attention as others like safety, liveness, reachability or boundary ones. In this paper, we propose an original approach based on deductive verification to check graphically oriented requirements. On the basis of a semantic of reactive applications based on the weakest precondition calculus, we propose an algorithm for the verification of graphical requirements. This algorithm is developed in the context of Smala/Djnn: an environment for developing interactive systems. We illustrate our approach on the Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), an aeronautical case study, and some of its graphical requirements.
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