Corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure is growing at an increasing trend in the corporate world. It is a relatively new concept and it has emerged as a crucial research domain over the last decade. Financial as well as social performances of the company are the strong basis of sustainable development. At present, corporations in India are confirming an authentic and legitimate concern about the upliftment of their stakeholders and community. Thus, the prime objective of this study is to analyse the nature and extent of CSR disclosure in Indian companies selected from the top 200 BSE companies for the period 2014–2016. Content analysis has been employed using CSR checklist to compute the disclosure score under four dimensions of CSR, such as employee relations; welfare and development of community; consumer issues and products and environment. The percentage of companies disclosing CSR has been observed to be enhancing over the period of study and regarding the dimensions of CSR. The most disclosed dimension is customer issues and products followed by community development and welfare, environment and employee relations. The analysis also reveals that the CSR disclosure in selected industries has been increased during the period of study. Oil and gas industry is on the top position in terms of CSR disclosure and chemical and leather industry stands at the bottom-most position.
In the accelerated development of an economy, the role of a vibrant banking system and financial structure is considered as highly indispensable. The banking sector is recognized as an important element to portrait the financial and economic strength of a country. The economic importance of the banking system may be considered in the form of capital formation, inspiring innovation, monetization, and facilitator of monetary policy. The present research work investigates the association between banks' profitability and the banks’ specific factors of Indian Public Sector Banks. The research work is based on secondary data drawn from annual reports of banks from the period of 2015 to 2019. The panel data regression statistical technique has been employed to vindicate the influence of explanatory variables viz. Capital Adequacy, Human Capital, Liquidity, Management Efficiency, Asset Quality, and Earning Quality, which have been employed as independent variables and Return on Equity, as the dependent variable. Panel data regression model results have reported that the regression coefficients are found statistically significant and the high value of adjusted R- square expresses the overall best fit of the fixed effects model. A significant positive relationship has been found between the financial performance of bank (ROE) and human capital, liquidity, management efficiency, and asset quality. Whereas capital adequacy and earning quality of the banks have an insignificant impact on the profitability of banks. Hence, the financial performance evaluation enables the banks to analyze their financial strength and to follow necessary protective initiatives for its sustainability.
The present analysis proposed a model to explain the impact of corporate intangible resources, such as research & development (R&D), human capital, and corporate reputation on corporate financial performance. The corporate financial performance was measured with two determinants, return on assets (ROA) & return on equity (ROE). The data had been collected from 81 different manufacturing and consumer goods companies for three years from 2014 to 2016. To investigate the association considering the intangible resources and control variables, the panel data regression is applied. For the descriptive analysis, the mean, dispersion, and correlation among all the variables are examined and the redundant fixed effect test is applied to choose an appropriate model between panel data regression and pooled OLS regression. The study results highlighted that the intangible resources human capital and research & development have significantly and positively impacted the financial performance indicators ROE and ROA. However, the intangible resource corporate reputation significantly, but negatively affects the corporate financial performance ROE and ROA. Likewise, the control variable leverage has a significant impact, but the size has an insignificant effect on corporate financial performance. The study highlights the importance of a firm's intangible recourse in the organizational performance and gives a wider scope to investigate the influence of other intangible resources on organizational financial performance.
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