Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lymph nodes are the most common site of extrapulmonary involvement. Tuberculous lymphadenitis can be presumptively diagnosed morphologically on fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. Additional tests like Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain for detection of acid fast bacilli, fluorescence, and molecular markers are often employed for confirmation of diagnosis. However, culture is essential for obtaining a definitive diagnosis. Unfortunately, culture is time consuming and expensive. Newer investigative methods are required. The efficacy of autofluorescence in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis was evaluated for this purpose. Fine-needle aspiration biopsies were collected from patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Cytomorphological examination, ZN staining, autofluorescence, and culture were performed on all specimens. ZN staining was positive in 37.5% (30/80) of cases, while autofluorescence was positive in 57.5% (46/80) of patients and was found to have 81.8% specificity, 95% sensitivity, and a positive predictive value of 82.6%. This technique allowed rapid and early diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in a number of patients, permitting early institution of appropriate therapy.
Filariasis is a major health problem in endemic areas like India. Detection of microfilaria in cytological smear is unusual and association with malignancy is more uncommon. We present ten cases where microfilaria detected incidentally during examination of cytological samples. Eight of them are benign disease entities while two are malignant in nature. CONCLUSION: Microfilaria is public health problem in tropical region of South-East-Asia including Indian subcontinent. Cytology smear can be a very sensitive and cost effective tool for detection of helminthic etiology in unexplained infective pathology and to provide correct treatment.
ABSTRACT:The most frequent ovarian germ cell tumours are mature cystic teratoma (MCTs), comprising 10-25% of all ovarian neoplasms. Malignant transformation in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is a rare complication. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common transformation followed by adenocarcinoma. CASE REPORT: A 36 year old female presented with abdominal pain, fullness, difficulty in periods since 6 months. According to examination and CECT abdomen 13.5x13cm mass is found on the left adnexal region. Patient underwent oophrectomy. According to histopathological diagnosis, adenosquamous carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma is diagnosed as a reason for the mass in the left adnexa of the patient.
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