A comprehensive description of the contemporary trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related hospitalizations, associated inpatient outcomes and predictors of worse outcomes were reported in our paper recently published in the International Journal of Cardiology [1]. Our observational analysis utilized ten year of national inpatient sample from January 1st 2007 through December 31st 2016. This Data in Brief companion paper aims to report the specific statistical highlights of the entire ten-year PAH cohort including demographics, hospital characteristics, regional variation, prevalence of comorbidities, and multivariable regression analysis used to examine the factors associated with increased inpatient mortality and prolonged length of stay. Additionally, we report trends in the cost (the actual amount of money reimbursed to the hospitals) of PAH related hospitalizations over the past ten years.
Background: Celiac disease (CD), is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed populations. It is characterized by permanent intolerance to wheat gliadins and other cereal prolamins. The epidemiology of CD has iceberg characteristics with more undiagnosed cases. The diagnosis of CD is currently based on both typical small bowel biopsy findings with clinical and serological parameters. Anemia secondary to iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 malabsorption is a common complication of celiac disease. Patients can also present with thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, venous thromboembolism, hyposplenism and IgA deficiency.
Aims: This study conducted with aims to study presenting complaints of suspected cases of celiac disease and further correlate endoscopic duodenal biopsies with various clinical and serological parameters.
Materials and Methods: The detailed clinical history and physical examination was done and then duodenum biopsies in hundred cases of suspected CD (on the basis of clinical and serological profile) were taken. Histopathological diagnosis was established on routine hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. The histopathological grading was performed as per modified Marsh grading. Representative section was also subjected for immunohistochemically staining with antihuman CD3 antibody for evaluating intraepithelial lymphocytes. Comparison of these grades with the serological (anti tTG levels) and other clinical parameters (symptoms, weight, endoscopy and hemoglobin levels) were done. These data were subsequently analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Chi square test and other relevant statistics were used to assess the relationship between two variables. P-value less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
Results and Conclusions: Majority of patients presented with typical gastrointestinal symptoms and anemia and significantly correlated with higher Marsh grades (p=0.0326) but atypical symptoms can be the primary presentation of the disease. Patients with higher serum anti-tTG levels, have a high-degree probability of duodenal damage. Anti-tTG levels have conclusively been proven to correlate with increasing histological grades (p=0.005).
BAckgrOundBreast milk is the ideal food for infant and its role for the newborn growth, development and immunity is universally recognized. The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life "to achieve optimal growth, development and health" [1,2]. Unfortunately, exclusive breastfeeding rate is only 28% at 4-5 months of age [3]. There are numerous factors behind discontinuation of breast feeding, ranging from those related to the newborn (prematurity, sickness), mother (sickness, depression) or social (working mother, myths) [1].
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