either direction) when their effects are transmitted to the reducible group. ExperimentalCinnamic Acids.-irons-Cinnamic acid was an Eastman Kodak White Label sample. ¡ -Nitrocinnamic acid was prepared by nitration of cinnamic acid and purified via its ethyl ester.11 1p-Iodocinnamic acid was prepared by iodination of cinnamic acid with iodine in acetic acid in the presence of nitric acid12 and purified by chromatography on magnesol and elution with acetone.o-and p-methyl-, chloro-, and bromo-, m-nitro-, and p-hydroxyand -methoxy-, as well as p-iodocinnamic acids were prepared by reaction of the appropriate benzaldehyde with malonic acid in 95% ethanol in the presence of piperidine.13 o-and m-hydroxy-and methoxy-and o-nitrocinnamic acids were prepared similarly in pyridine solution with piperidine.14 o-and m-methoxybenzaldehydes were prepared by methylation of the hydroxybenzaldehyde with methyl sulfate and sodium hydroxide.16 o-and p-chloro-and bromobenzaldehydes were (11) W.
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