Practical study such as laboratory activity helps students to learn about engineering technical courses. New electronic technologies and the Internet of Things allow students and researchers to do experiments remotely. During quarantine due to pandemics such as Covid‐19 or when researchers and students are not present in the university, remote laboratories are used as a complementary teaching feature. In these conditions, the remote laboratories also allow the development of experimental‐based research. This paper presents the design and development of a remote interactive laboratory for the teaching and practical learning of DC machines at Technical and Vocational University. This laboratory is designed using the Arduino board to make a data acquisition card and actuator controller. Also, LabVIEW is used, which is remotely controlled based on the Internet and allows students to observe and perform experiments related to the DC machines course anywhere and anytime. In this laboratory, to better adapt to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology criteria, the principle of teamwork to perform the experiments and achieve the final result has been considered. The case study results of a remote laboratory in Mohajer Faculty present the students' understanding and satisfaction in obtaining the required scientific competencies from the proposed laboratory.
Using nonintegrated multiple coils in an electromagnet is a way to manage energy and reduce maintenance costs. In order to model and analyze the lifting force and the magnetic field in different zone of the electromagnet, an exact magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) is required. In this paper, an accurate MEC to analyze dual‐coil electromagnets is presented. MATLAB and ANSYS MAXWELL software are used to analyze the proposed MEC and simulate the magnetic field and the lifting force, respectively. In multi‐coil electromagnets, if a coil burns out, the electromagnet will still be able to lift the loads with a percentage of the nominal load weight. Also, it is only necessary to replace the burned coil, which reduces the maintenance costs of the electromagnet. Flexibility in winding excitation is another advantage of using multiple coils in electromagnets. In this case, one or more coils can be excited according to the weight of the load. This feature not only increases the lifetime of the coils but also reduces the energy consumption of the electromagnet and no need to use expensive power electronic converters to continuously control the current of coils. To evaluate the proposed MEC, the laboratory platform of an electromagnet was made to lift a load of 100 kg in the air gap of 2 mm and tested in two modes, single‐coil and dual‐coil. The analytical, simulation, and experimental results have very good agreement, indicating the high accuracy of the proposed MEC.
Purpose An excessive increase in temperature will reduce the lifespan and even burn the coil. The variety of materials in the structure of the electromagnet along with its multi-layer winding creates a complex and heterogeneous thermal structure. There are very few researches that are completely focused on the thermal analysis of electromagnets. The purpose of this paper is to provide an accurate, yet fast and simple method for the thermal analysis of cylindrical electromagnets in both transient and steady-state modes. For this purpose, a thermal equivalent circuit (TEC) is presented based on the nodding approach. Design/methodology/approach The results of TEC analysis of cylindrical electromagnet, for two orthogonal and orthocyclic winding coil technologies, were compared with the results of the thermal simulation in COMSOL. The authors also built a laboratory model of the cylindrical electromagnet, similar to those analyzed and simulated, and measured the temperature in different parts of it. Findings The comparison of the results obtained from different methods for the thermal analysis of the cylindrical electromagnet indicates that the proposed TEC has an error of less than 2%. The simplicity and high accuracy of the results are the most important advantages of the proposed TEC. Originality/value Comparing the information and results related to winding schemes, indicates that the orthogonal winding has less cost and weight due to the shorter length of the wire used. On the other hand, orthocyclic winding generates lower temperature and has more lifting force, and is simpler to implement. Therefore, in practice, orthocyclic winding technology is usually used.
The heterogeneous and complex structure of the electromagnet makes it difficult to study the heat transfer equations. Therefore, numerical methods and simulation software are used for its analysis. In this paper, an accurate thermal equivalent circuit (TEC) for modeling and studying heat in a cylindrical electromagnet is presented. The proposed TEC can be used in both transient and steady-state modes. Due to the symmetrical structure of the electromagnet, heat transfer is considered in radial and axial directions. Also, the use of winding homogenization techniques has helped to simplify the proposed TEC. To achieve experimental results for approving the accuracy and validity of the proposed TEC, a cylindrical electromagnet was made and installed on a laboratory platform. Two orthogonal and orthocyclic winding coil technologies are used and tested. Comparison of the results of the proposed TEC analysis in MATLAB with the results of electromagnet simulation in COMSOL software and experimental results, shows the high accuracy of the proposed TEC in predicting the thermal behavior of the electromagnet. Simplicity and the high accuracy results are the most important advantages of the proposed thermal equivalent circuit.
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