Background Selfies and filtered selfies are becoming more prevalent throughout society and in the facial plastic surgery clinic. The term “Snapchat dysmorphia” has been used to describe patients seeking procedures to look like their selfie or filtered selfie. This is particularly frequent in the Millennial population, aged 22 to 37 years. Objectives The authors sought to determine the effects on first impression from different photograph types: selfies, filtered selfies, a rear-facing smartphone camera, and a digital camera (DC). We hypothesize that the DC photographs will have the highest rated first impressions among evaluators despite the popularity of selfies and filtered selfies. Methods This study included 240 evaluators and 4 patients each completing the 4 different photograph types. The evaluators completed a survey rating first impression on various measures of success for each photograph type. Results A total of 960 first impressions were recorded for each of the 8 subscales, yielding 7680 individual assessments of first impression. The DC photograph was found to have the highest first impression scores among the 4 photograph types. There was no statistical difference between selfies and filtered selfies. The rear-facing smartphone camera received the lowest first impression scores. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the standard DC photograph taken during a preoperative consultation has higher first impressions than selfies or filtered selfies. Although “Snapchat dysmorphia” may continue to be a growing trend in the near future, our findings provide important information to discuss with patients in the preoperative visit to set realistic expectations.
Objectives: Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) has been used by clinicians, primarily pulmonologists, to describe a variety of conditions in which the regulation and coordination of vocal fold movements are part of the explanation of cough or difficulty breathing, mainly paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM). Prior studies show an intersection of mental health issues, primarily anxiety, and PVFM. We began incorporating mental health screening tools using the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC-5) and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Civilians (PCL-C) to assess symptomatology that may be related to traumatic life events. We seek to review the utility of these questionnaires for identifying patients who have experienced emotional trauma and use the principles of trauma-informed care currently lacking for PVFM.Methods: We incorporated mental health screening tools using the PCL-C and LEC-5 for anyone referred to the Chicago Institute for Voice Care for VCD from the pulmonology clinic at our institution. Each patient underwent a comprehensive strobovideolaryngoscopy including provocative maneuvers to provoke paradoxical movements.Results: A total of 16 subjects were analyzed; of those, seven (43.8%) screened positive for PTSD with the PCL-C. Overall, 58 traumatic events occurred among the 16 patients, with 31 (61.7%) of the traumatic events occurring in the seven positively screened for PTSD.Conclusions: Using the PCL-C and LEC-5, the principles of trauma-informed care principles were applied to patients initially referred for VCD who were found to have prior traumatic events. We recommend early mental health screening to establish a multidisciplinary team in PVFM.
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